《(NEW)Keith Johnson《外语学习与教学导论》笔记和考研真题详解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(NEW)Keith Johnson《外语学习与教学导论》笔记和考研真题详解（315页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、目录 第1章五个学生和五种方法 1.1复习笔记 1.2考研真题与典型题详解 第2章学外语学什么 2.1复习笔记 2.2考研真题与典型题详解 第3章关于语言和语言学习的一些理论 3.1复习笔记 3.2考研真题与典型题详解 第4章语言学习者及他们的语言错误 4.1复习笔记 4.2考研真题与典型题详解 第5章习得的特点 5.1复习笔记 5.2考研真题与典型题详解 第6章习得的理论 6.1复习笔记 6.2考研真题与典型题详解 第7章语言学得和语言习得 7.1复习笔记 7.2考研真题与典型题详解 第8章语言学习者的个体差异 8.1复习笔记 8.2考研真题与典型题详解 第9章成功学习者及他们的学习方法 9
2、.1复习笔记 9.2考研真题与典型题详解 第10章当代主要外语教学方法 10.1复习笔记 10.2考研真题与典型题详解 第11章语言教学的环境 11.1复习笔记 11.2考研真题与典型题详解 第12章教学计划 12.1复习笔记 12.2考研真题与典型题详解 第13章语言教学方式和方法 13.1复习笔记 13.2考研真题与典型题详解 第14章语言技能 14.1复习笔记 14.2考研真题与典型题详解 第15章语言测试 15.1复习笔记 15.2考研真题与典型题详解 第1章五个学生和五种方法 1.1复习笔记 本章要点 1. Why do people learn foreign languages?
3、 人们为什么学外语？ 2. Individual learning differences 个体学习差异 3. Language teaching: a variety of methods 多种教学方法 常考考点 学习动机；教学方法。 本章内容索引 . Reasons for learning (1) Further study (2) Communication . The multilingual world . Individual learning differences 1. Differences in people you know 2. Individual learning
4、 differences (1) Talent (2) Attitude (3) Parental support . Language teaching methods 1. Immersion 2. The grammar-translation method (GT) 3. Total Physical Response (TPR) 4. Audio-lingualism (AL) 5. Community Language Learning (CLL) . Reasons for learning（学习的原因） 1. Further study purpose（以进修为目的） For
5、example, the learner Zhang is learning English so that he can study abroad. The key to his ambition is a good score on an English test, so that he can get a better job. 比如学习者学外语是为了出国或者找到好工作。 2. Communication（交流目的） It refers to a desire to learn more about a culture, its language and people so that h
6、e can communicate well with the target community. 通过学习目标语言的风俗文化能更好地与目标人群交流。 . Individual learning differences（个体学习差异） 1. Attitude towards the native speakers of the foreign language you wish to learn may sometimes be very important. 对所学语言的母语使用者的态度是很重要的。 2. Parental support is very important for chil
7、dren. If mother and father want a child to do well at learning a foreign language, this will help the process a good deal. 父母的支持对孩子是非常重要的。如果父母想要孩子学好一门外语，父 母的支持对于孩子学习外国的过程是有很大帮助的。 3. Talent. There are some people with a talent for foreign-language learning. 有些人生来就有学外语的天分。 . Methods you have experienc
8、ed（一些已知的教学方法） 1. Immersion（沉浸式教学法） It is based on the idea that learners can pick up a foreign language in much the same way as children pick up their native language. 这个方法是基于“学习一门外语和儿童学习母语本质是相通的”这一观 点。 2. Grammar-translation(GT)（语法-翻译教学法） The teacher spends some twenty minutes of the lesson explain
9、ing the grammar point of the day, using diagrams on the blackboard, and plenty of grammatical terms (talking of tenses, nouns, adverbs and the like). The learners are then given a series of translation exercises to do. 老师花费20分钟将语法重点写在黑板上，并使用大量的语法术语 （如“时态”，“名词”和“副词”等），然后让学生做一些双语翻译训练。 3. Total physica
10、l response (TPR)（肢体反应教学法） The teacher first demonstrates these actions herself; then she chooses members of the class to do them. It will be a while before the learners themselves are asked to speak, but when they do, it will be in the foreign language, and to ask other members of the class to follo
11、w similar action sequences. 老师首先做几个示范动作，然后选几个同学模仿。做示范动作期间不说 话。过一会之后要求同学用目标语描述，让其他同学接着模仿。 4. Audio-lingualism (AL)（听说教学法） (1) The grammar point is made clear in the textbook by the use of example sentences, accompanied by pictures which help make meanings obvious. 通过例句指出语法重点，再用图片加以解释。 (2) The time sp
12、ent on exemplifying the grammatical point is quite short, and it is not very far into the lesson that the learners are given a series of rapid- fire exercises (or drills) to practice the grammar point. 用很短的时间解释语法，紧接着做语法快速练习。 5. Community language learning (CLL)（团体语言学习法） (1) A language-teaching metho
13、d in which students work together to develop what aspects of a language they would like to learn. 一种学生一起学习外语的方法。学生是客户，老师是顾问。 (2) It is based on the Counseling-approach in which the teacher acts as a counselor and a paraphraser, while the learner is seen as a client and collaborator. 该方法是基于咨询法，即教师作为顾
14、问和翻译，学生作为客户和合作 者。 (3)The CLL emphasizes the sense of community in the learning group, it encourages interaction as a vehicle of learning, and it considers as a priority the students feelings and the recognition of struggles in language acquisition. 强调团体学习，鼓励互动学习，把学生的感受放到第一位，发现学生语 言学习的困难。 1.2考研真题与典型题
15、详解 . Fill in the blanks. 1. _ is a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities. Grammar-translation Method【答案】 语法翻译法即在外语教学中主要运用翻译和语法学习为教学活 动的方法。 【解析】 2. In a _ world, it is natural to find large numbers o
16、f people who speak (and have therefore learned) more than one language. multilingual【答案】 在多语言的世界里，许多人能说（因此也学过）不止一门语言 是很正常的。 【解析】 . Explain the following terms. 1. Grammar-translation method Key: Grammar-translation method refers to a method of foreign or second language teaching which makes use of translation and grammar study as the main teaching and learning activities. 2. Audiolingual method Key: Audiolingual method refers to the teaching of a second language through imitation, repetition, an
