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1、1,Overview of Pediatrics,Prof. Cheng Qian Dept. of Child Health Care CMUC,2,Pediatrics is concerned with the childs physical, mental, and psychosocial health.,The field of pediatrics is about childrens health and the factors that affect their health.,3,Children:,0-18years,4,2009年世界各国15岁以下人口排名,排名国家 1
2、5岁以下人口（万） 占世界比例 占该国总人口比例 1 印度 38370 20.9% 32% 2 中国 25360 13.8% 19% 3 尼日利亚 6834 3.7% 45% 6 美国 6147 3.3% 20% 7 巴西 5361 2.9% 28% 15 俄罗斯 2121 1.2% 15% 18 日本 1658 0.9% 13%,美国全球健康政策协会（global health policy),2009年世界共有15岁以下儿童人口18.36亿，占世界总人口27%,5,A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and
3、 not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.,- WHO,1948,HEALTH,6,Childrens health should be defined as the extent to which individual children or groups of children are able or enabled to : develop and realize their potential satisfy their needs develop the capacities to allow them to interact s
4、uccessfully with their biological, physical, and social environment,Rudolphs Pediatrics,2010,7,Developmental Pediatrics,Preventive Pediatrics,Clinical Pediatrics,Community pediatrics,The Scope of Pediatrics,8,Its the science to study of growth and development of child from moment of conception throu
5、gh adolescence, including physical growth and neuro-psychological development. Research on various factors that will influence growth and development and promotion to achieve full potential in adult.,Developmental Pediatrics,9,Preventive pediatrics,Preventive in the health care of infants, children,
6、 and adolescents is at the core of the field of pediatrics.,10,11,Clinical pediatrics,Primarily focused on diagnosis and treatment of diseases in childhood.,12,Clinical pediatrics divides into sub-speciality according to diseases related to organ system,Digestive system Respiratory system Cardiovasc
7、ular system Nephrology and urology,Endocrinology Dermatology Hematology Neurology.,Infectious disease Metabolic disorders Immunology Allergy ect.,13,Clinical pediatrics divides into sub-speciality based on childs age,Perinatology Neonatology Adolescent medicine,14,Pediatrics divides into sub-special
8、ity basing on health care system,Primary health care Intensive care Emergency care Rehabilitation care,15,Community pediatrics,Research on social factors influence child health, e.g. economic, education, environment, family and so on.,16,Is a kid miniature of a adult?,17,Anatomy,e.g.,size and propor
9、tion of body,18,Physiology,Normal resting pulse rate and respiratory rate in children,Age beats/min breaths/min newborn 140 40 5ys 100 25 15ys 70 20,19,e.g. Typical sleep requirements in children,20,Pathology,acute lobar pneumonia,bronchopneumonia,21,miliary tuberculosis,advanced pulmonary tuberculo
10、sis (Arrows indicate the location of cavities within these light areas ),Pathology,22,Clinical aspect,the category of diseases ex. congenital Infectious,the manifestation of diseases ex. acute changeful,23,the diagnosis of disease The treatment of disease the prognosis of disease,Clinical aspect,24,
11、Is a kid miniature of a adult?,25,The Developmental Periods Across Childhood,FETUS,INFANCY,TODDLER,PRE-SCHOOL,SCHOOL CHILDREN,ADOLESCENCE,26,27,Embryo: 0-12 ws Middle fetus: 13-28 ws Late fetus: 29-40 ws,Fetal Period,Fetal period,Embryonic period,28,致畸敏感期,29,Full-term infant 37 ws GA 42ws Preterm in
12、fant GA 37ws Post-term infant GA 42ws,*the meaning of several terms,GA: gestational age,30,Infant Period (0-12mo),neonatal period(0-28ds),Infancy is a period of rapid but decelerating growth rate. Growth of brain occurs rapidly. Attention on nutrition and rearing.,31,Perinatal Period,This period is
13、the interval from 28ws of gestation until the 7th day after birth.,This period is the time of life with the highest mortality rate of any age interval.,*Close cooperation between the professionals involved in the care of pregnant women and those for caring for the newborn infants.,32,Toddler period
14、(1-3y),Growth rate slows down. Psychological changes are in bursting phase. Mobility increases; Walking independently; Interested in imitation. Attention on education (nature, nurture and nutrition).,33,Preschool years (3-5y),Physical growth further slows down. Development of cognition and widening
15、social sphere. Emphasizing the behavior and emotional development. Prevention of accident.,34,School age(6-11y),Wide range presents normally in this age group. Physical coordination and mental maturity. Emphasizing school fundamental education and social ability.,35,Adolescence (teenager),10-20year,
16、36,37,Health disparities,Under 18 year : constitute approximately 1/3 of whole population,Current Challenges In Pediatrics,38,based on UNICEF, State of the Worlds Children, 2011,Health disparities,39,The category of disease has changed,a greater percentage of preterm, low birth weight, or very low birth weight newborns are surviving congenital malformations mental retardation,40,Environmental factors that affect optimal outcome of child health,e.g. natural and social environment,others,41,Change
