《[精选]基本的电气安全》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《[精选]基本的电气安全（23页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Basic Electrical Safety 基本的电气安全 PRODUCTION TECHNICAL TRAINING TEAM 生产技术培训组,1,General Opening Comments 前言 Subpart S of the OSHA General Industry Standards contains the OSHA rules that govern electrical safety-related work practices. Within these standards, OSHA 29CFR 1910.331 -.335 are requirements t
2、hat relate to the training of “Qualified” and “Unqualified” persons in electrical safe work practices. 职业安全与卫生条例OSHA一般工业标准的S部分包含OSHA的规定，这些规定指导和管理与电气安全相关的工作实践。在这些标准中，OSHA29CFR1910.331.335对培训电气安全工作中的“合格”和“不合格”人员的培训提出了要求。 According to OSHA, “Qualified” persons for this facility are employees that funct
3、ion in the instrument and electrical crafts of the Maintenance Department. “Unqualified” persons, are those employees who, in their routine work duties, may encounter a relatively high risk of injury due to electrical hazards. 按OSHA的规定，工厂中的“合格”人员是指维修部门从事仪表和电气工艺的雇员，而“不合格”人员是指那些在履行他们的日常工作职责时相对容易受电气危险伤
4、害的雇员。,2,Site employees such as, Operations Dept. process unit personnel, Maintenance Dept. mechanical crafts and other maintenance field personnel, laboratory technicians, and Warehouse field personnel would be considered by OSHA to be in the “Unqualified” category. In addition, some Engineering and
5、 Technical job classifications by assignment or duties may also be considered in the “Unqualified” category for purposes of this training. 现场的雇员，如生产部工艺装置人员、维修部机械专业和其它方面的维修人员、实验室技术人员和仓库方面的人员，在OSHA看来是属于“不合格”人员一类。另外，为培训的目的，被分配或从事设计和技术工作的人员也可以划入“不合格”人员一类。 This training module has been prepared to addres
6、s the OSHA 29CFR 1910.332 requirements for training of “Unqualified” employees in electrical hazards and work practices necessary for their safety. 这个培训模块的编写是为了达到OSHA 29CFR 1910.332 的要求，培训在电气危险和工作实践方面“不合格”的人员，以增强他们在安全方面的能力。 Topics include the effects of electrical shock on the human body, hazards as
7、sociated with electricity, local sources of electrical hazard, causes of electrical accidents, protective measures to prevent electrical injuries, and a review of local plant policies and procedures that address electrical safety. 下面介绍的内容包括：触电对人体的影响，有关电的危险，装置内的电气危险源，电气事故发生的原因，防止电气伤害的措施，以及SECCO关于电气安全
8、方面的方针和程序。,3,INTRODUCTION引言 It is well known that the human body will conduct electricity. The electrical current flows through the body and exits at the other contact point, usually called the ground. 众所周知，人体是导电的。电流流经人体后进入大地，对人体造成伤害的触电事故。 Each year many workers suffer some serious injuries, and/or d
9、eath from electric shock. It is estimated that there are more than 1000 electrical fatalities in general industry each year, and over 30,000 injuries. Some additional stats: 每年有许多工人因触电而受重伤或死亡。据估计，每年一般工业行业因触电死亡有1000多人，30000多人受伤。另外还有一些统计数字： 99% of the fatalities involved males. 99% 的死者是男性 64% died pri
10、or to the age of 35. 64% 的亡者死前年龄不到35岁。 41% were on the job less than 1 year. 41% 的人参加工作还不到1年。 1 person is electrocuted in the home every 25 hrs. And 1 every day at work. 人们在家里，平均25小时有1人触电死亡，而在工作时每天就有1人触电死亡 In fact, electrocution is considered to be the fifth leading cause of work related injury and
11、death事实上，人们已经把触电死亡列为第5位因工作伤亡的原因。,4,The Effects Of Electrical Shock触电的影响 The effects that electric shock will have on an individual will depend upon the type of circuit, its voltage, resistance amperage, the pathway through the body, and the duration of the contact. Electric shock produced by alterna
12、ting currents of power line frequency (normally 50 Hertz) passing from hand to foot for one second can produce the following effects: 触电对人体产生的影响要视电路的类型，电压，电阻大小，电流流经人体的路线以及接触持续的时间而定。由电源线（通常为50赫兹）的交流电从手流到脚1秒钟的触电会产生以下的后果： milliamp - barely perceptible 1毫安刚能觉察到（手指麻刺） 9 - 25 milliamps - Interruption of m
13、uscular control. 925毫安对肌肉的自控中断（手迅速麻痹，呼吸困难） milliamps - interruption of heart function 75毫安心脏功能中断（心室开始颤动） amps - Immediate cardiac arrest 4安培心搏立即停止,5,Nearly instantaneous fatalities can occur from 20 milliamps or greater. Even if the shocking current does not pass through vital organs or nerve center
14、s, severe internal burns can occur, and in some cases injuries such as these can be the cause of delayed fatalities. 在电流强度为20毫安或以上时，就有可能会出现瞬间死亡。即使触电的电流没有流经致命的器官或神经中枢，也会出现体内的严重烧伤，在有时候，这样的烧伤会导致以后的死亡。 Burns suffered in electrical accidents are of great concern. These burns may be of three basic types:
15、因电气事故引起的烧伤引起了人们的特别关注。这类烧伤有三种基本的类型： wElectrical burns电烧伤 wArc burns电弧灼伤 wThermal contact burns热烫伤,6,Electrical burns are the result of electric current passing through body tissues and resulting damage is caused when the energy source heat is so high that the body cannot dissipate it and the tissue i
16、s burned. 电烧伤是电流流经人体组织产生的结果，它造成对人体的伤害是因为当电能相当高时，人的身体无法把热量散发，将人体组织灼伤。 Typically, such electrical burns are slow to heal. 特别是这类电烧伤治愈是很慢的。 Arc burns, on the other hand, are the result of high temperatures produced by electric arcs occuring close to the body. These burns are similar to the burns and blisters produced by any high temperature source. 另一方面，电弧灼伤是离人体很近的电弧产生的高温造成的。这类烧伤与任何高温引起的烧伤和水泡相类似。,7,Finally, thermal contact burns are those normally experienced from making skin contact with hot surfac
