高考英语语法填空 连词考点及练习一、知识点考点解密 在近两年广东高考的语法填空中连词,都是两小题,占语法填空的五分之一,是考查的一个重要项目,具体考点有以下4大点:考点1:并列连词表示联合 and(同,和), when(=and just at this time就在这时), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…(既不……也不……) 表示选择 or(或者,否则), otherwise(否则), or else(否则), either...or(不是……就是) 表示转折 but(但是,可是,只是因为), yet(可是), not…but…(不是……而是……) 表示对比 while(而、却) 表示因果 for(因为)和so(所以,因此) 注:(1)when作并列连词,主要用于was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
2)在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中,祈使句表示条件,and/or后的句子表示结果考点2:引导状语从句的连词种类 连词 时间状语从句 when(当…时),while(在…期间),as(当…,一边…一边…),before(在…之前),after(在…之后),since(从…以来),till/until(直到),whenever(无论何时),as soon as(一…就) 地点状语从句 where (在…的地方),wherever(在…的任何地方) 原因状语从句 because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now取豪夺(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于,鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到) 目的状语从句 so(以便), that(以便), so that(以便,为了), in order that (为了,以便);in case(以防,以免), lest(免得,以防), for fear that(以免,惟恐) 结果状语从句 so that(以致,结果),so…that, such…that(如此……以至于) 条件状语从句 if, unless (=if…not如果不……,除非), as/so long as(只要), while(=as long as只要), supposing (that)/provided /providing (that)(假如), in case(假使), on condition that(在……的条件下) 让步状语从句 although, though, as, while(虽然), even if/though(即使), whether…or…(不论/不管……还是……) 以及“疑问词+ever”和“no matter+疑问词” 比较状语从句 as...as(和……一样),not as/so...as(和……不一样),than(比),the more...the more(越……越) 方式状语从句 as(正如),as if或as though(好像) 考点3:引导名词性从句的连接词 名词性从句有主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导这些从句的连词有:(1)连词that:只起连接作用,没有任何意思,不作任何句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略2)连词whether:有“是否”之意,但不作句子成分;引导宾语从句时,还可用if3)连接代词:who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等其中what除有“什么”“多么”外,还有“所……的”之意,相当于the thing(s) that…4)连接副词:when, where, why, how等,有意义,在从句中作状语5)whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句,意为“无论/不管……”考点4:引导定语从句的关系词 定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句,它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词及使用场合如下表:先行词 主语 宾语 定语 状语 人 who/that whom/who/— whose 物 which/which Which/that/— whose/of which 时间 when 地点 Where the way that/in which/— the reason why 注:(1)先行词是occasion常用when,先行词是case, situation, scenes等时常用where。
2)关系副词when和where有时可用“介词+which”代替,why可用for which代替3)以下情况只能用that引导定语从句:①当先行词是指物的all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none, the one时,或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时②先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括last, next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时③先行词包括人和物时④当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为了避免重复,多用that引导4)不能用that引导定语从句的情况①在非限制性定语从句中,不以能用that引导②直接在介词后作宾语时,不能用that引导,要用whom, whose或which,且不能省略③当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, those, people, he等时,只能用who④当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时。
5)在非限制性定语从句中,表示“部分与整体”的关系时,用…of which/whom或者of which/whom…都可以解题技巧: 若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定是填连词,否则,句子结构就不完整 根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句然后根据某人从句的特点,结合连词的意义和作用,确定填具体的某个连词如: 一旦判断是定语从句,就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分,来确定关系词,若在从句中作主语和宾语,用关系代词,若作状语就用关系副词实例剖析[例1] One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck (拔)up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. (2008年广东)分析:因he came…和he would pluck…是两个主谓关系,即两个句子,他们之间没有句号或分号,空格处必定是填连词;又因为“他想把禾苗拔几寸”就是“主意(idea)”的具体内容,可见后句是同位语从句;由于该从句不缺任何句子成分,并且意义已非常完整了,故填that。
[例2] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. (2008广东)分析:因和he was…和he felt…是两个主谓关系,即两个句子,他们之间是逗号,而不是句号或分号,空格处必定是填连词;又因“很累”与“高兴”之间是转折关系,故填并例连词but[例3]I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32 should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. (2007广东)分析:因to是介词,介词后一定是接宾语;又因should have…可知是一个从句来作to的宾语,即宾语从句;由句式结构可知,空格处一定是填作主语的连接代词,能“有幸接待我”的应是人,故填who [例4] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away 36 there was a garage. (2007广东)分析:因前后两个句子之间没有分号或句号,也缺少连词,一定是填连词;由句子之间的关系和句意可知,在大约20公里远的那个小镇上有修理厂,由此判断后一句是定语从句,a small town是先行词,且在从句中作状语,故填关系副词where。
二、课堂练习:(一)并 列 句1. I thought you’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time. (湖南)2. Stand over there ______ you’ll be able to see the oil painting better. (全国Ⅱ)3. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (山东)4. The artist was born poor, ______ poor he remained all his life. (重庆)5. In some places women are expected to earn money _________ men work at home and raise their children. (四川)6. You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ______ you won’t pass the course. (北京)7. Reality is not the way you wish things to be, nor the way they appear to be, ______ the way they actually are. (湖南)8. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, ______ their education that causes misunders。