11995 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Use of EnglishSleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming,and longer periods of non-REM sleep.1kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is2toserve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more3. The newexperiments, such as these4for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research inMinneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations5of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 6is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet,7 _examinations ofthe dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.A researcher has now8the mystery of why the animals die. The rats9bacterial infections of the blood,10their immunesystemsthe self-protecting mechanisrn against diseasehad crashed.1. A EitherB NeitherC EachDAny2. A intendedB requiredC assumedD inferred3. A subtleB obviousC mysteriousD doubtful4. A maintainedB describedC settledD afforded5. A in the lightB by virtueC with the exceptionD for the purpose6. A reductionB destructionC deprivationD restriction7. A uponB byC throughD with8. A paid attention toB caught sight of C laid emphasis onD cast light on9. A developB produceC stimulateD induce10. A ifB as ifC only ifD if onlySection Reading ComprehensionPassage lMoney spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapiddistribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible toprovide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standardsof living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way tofight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would costfour times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube wouldcost 20 per cent more.And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products andservices you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, noregular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might foolsome people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the publichas the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it isthe surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personalitydeclare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine全国硕士研究生入学考试英语（二）真题第 1 页，共 7 页2distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible toachieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be soboring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.11. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that.A he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertisingB everybody knows well that advertising is money consumingC advertising costs money like everything elseD it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?A Securing greater fame.B Providing more jobs.C Enhancing living standards.D Reducing newspaper cost.13. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is.A very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingB interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationD obviously partial in his views on advertising14. In the authors opinion,.A advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationB advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisementPassage 2There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewedpersonal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets apromotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new languageall these are examples ofpeople who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by de。