TOEFL Training 7By Sally Young My Contact Information杨思晴 (Sally)–yangsiqing@–Y–702037094 Sample Studies-- Integrated Speaking Task 4（第6类题型分析）第六类考题类型第六类考题类型Summarizing Important IdeasnStep 1: Listen to a professor’s speech in a lecture (academic related subject) (6090 sec)nStep 2: Answer the question based on what you have heard nPreparation Time: 20”nResponse Time: 60”nPlease refer to Delta P340241 第六类考题包含话题：第六类考题包含话题：1.心理学及教育学–如何转移不良情绪(displacement)–儿童成长及艺术关系–两种记忆的分类–学生如何有效地参与课堂互动–人们的反应的分类–小孩子如何学习语言 2. （考得最广泛的）社会科学类–内向、外向性格人物对待面试的态度–商业信息的分类–科技对生活的影响–文化间的渗透–平面地图容易造成的错觉–记忆的分类–两种价格策略–商品质量分类 –两种注意力–电影中如何拍摄悬念（如何使用bridging）–工作的定义–如何使用人们的emotion进行营销–剧场内演员与观众的关系–工作群的概念–如何包装产品–工业化与摄影的关系 –两种广告方法–如何减少服务等待时间。
3. 生物类–气候变化与物种灭绝–如何预测特定物种数量–新植物破坏环境–细菌如何变坏东西–植物如何在恶劣环境中生存–如何保护鱼类 –两种保护色–动物如何对抗捕食者（记得我讲的老友记片段吧？Velociraptor would expand its collar and emit a high pitched noise to frighten its predator…）–海洋动物如何逃生之伪装–植物如何授粉–真菌的作用 –动物社会合作行为–鸟为什么要吃土–选择性种植–动物行为 Task 6nIn the lecture, the professor talks about/explains ______. (main points from the listening material)nthe professor discusses/ argues/ demonstrates/ *** in several points/aspects. nAccording to what the professor says, __________________(观点，主旨，定义)nDefinition (If there is)nHe uses/ provides examples to explain/ illustrate this definition/ method / phenomenon/theory.nProfessor takes ____________ as an example. Sample 1 Interior Design Using the points & examples from the lecture, explain what unity & contrast are, & how they make interior design more effective.n nPreparation time: 20”n nResponse time: 60” Sample Studies 2nOG Test 16: Money 2 forms defi of M: 1. Broad: anyth-P –use 2 make purchase + --coins & bills: use M 2 → other g & s →dr 5 $ 4 a ride →farmer 2 buy veg -- barter sys: g/s ←→ g/s directly2. narrow: whatever- legal tender in a society has 2 b acc as payment. e.g: In US, dr must acc c&b as payment dr X acc veg 4 a ride Sample Responsesn n1n n2 Sample 3. TPO-1-6 Mathematical Capabilities of Babies Using the research described by the professor, explain what scientists have learned about the mathematical abilities of babies. ExpressionsnThey say there is evidence that babies as young as five months old can do basic arithmetic that they can add. nSo they devised an experiment where …in this experiment, a baby is shown a doll on a table. nOK, so the baby looks at the doll. Then the researcher lowers a screen in front of the doll, so now the doll is hidden behind the screen. nThe researcher takes a second doll and very obviously places it behind the screen with the first one. nWhat the researchers did was they secretly took away one of the dolls. And then when they raised the screen back up…nThey recorded the baby’s eye movements on camera. Sample 4: Bio Cs-sea animals Words & ExpressionsnNow many sea animals in order to hide from predators have, over time, developed different kinds of camouflage to help them blend in with their environment & avoid detection by predators.nPicture the surface of the sea floor. nsome sea animals have developed permanent colors or shapes to resemble these environmental features. nThis camouflage helps disguise them from predators by enabling them to blend in to a specific part of the sea.nFor instance, take a kind of fish, like the leafy sea dragon, while the name says it all. It resembles a small green dragon with leaf-like protrusions sticking out like arms.nBecause of its color and shape, it blends in extremely well with green sea plants. nOther sea animals r difficult 2 spot anywhere in the sea, because their type of camouflage enables them 2 change color. nTake the cuttlefish(墨鱼/乌贼）, a fish that’s closely related to the squid（鱿鱼） and octopus（章鱼）. nthey have a lot more mobility ∵their camouflage allows them 2 blend into any environment, ∵ cuttlefish have shifting pigments（色素/颜料） that allow them 2 change color in a matter of seconds. Sample 5 n nsome new research is suggesting that babies may be able to feel concern for others, to have empathy for others. n nempathy is a complex emotion. It involves a baby relating to someone else’s emotions, not just reacting to things happening directly to them. n nWe’ve always assumed that the other babies cried because they were reacting to the noise of the crying, that the noise itself was distressing. Sample 6 (Delta P 340 )nListen to a part of a lecture in a world history class. The professor is talking about mass migrations of people. Notes: Mass Mig of P19 cen Larg P mov Place→ P Major Mov: * Eu→ Am, Au, Af. * Rus→ central Asia * China+ Ind + Ja→ south east AsiaMov of P make possible by: * Cheap & fast means of transp.: railroad/ steamship * Rapid ↑ in bank & capital * Sp, im.→ free land +other benefit if settle ↓ Encour lots P→ US, Ca—populated majority of Mass Im. : ↓social & Econ class of society * Im. Motivated by hope of better life of themse.+ childrenUnskilled wkers Contribution: labor P supp.Hard wk+ high hope →contri in econ growth in new country Exercise: P346 fill in the blanksPoints in this lecture:19 cen Larg P mov Place→ P -- Major Mov: -- The mass migrations occurred ∵* Cheap & fast means of transp.: railroad/ steamship* Rapid ↑ in bank & capital* Immigrants were given free lands and other benefit if they settle there* Immigrants were motivated by hope of better life of themselves and their children Key: In 19 century, a large numbers of people moved from one place to another place. The major movements were from Europe to the America... from Russia to central Asia; from China and Japan to south east Asia. The movements of people were made possible by several factors. 1, the cheap & fast means of transportation, such as railroad and steamship. 2, rapid growth in banking & capital. 3. In some places, people were given free land and other benefit if they settle there. This encouraged lots of people to move to US and Canada. 4. The immigrants were also motivated by the hope of a better life for their children. They worked hard and made contribution in economic growth of their new country. Sample 5nListen to a part of a lecture and explain what the professor is talking about in this lecture. Tag alongnI can’t carry a tunenI can’t sing a notenBe in tune with time---nIn tune + TnIn the knownLoving sb. means loving all of him Note-taking:? Scool1. in style → spker= time, knows ? in fashion2. →spker—knowlble / P know when Sacce S’s used informal ＞formal sett. Esp. among C. Ss. – X usin it @ classrm/ wk env. ∵→ look bad share social + emo exp reinfor relat + com eff3. fun+ entertain’ Sample 6. Non-verbal communicationDifferentiate Repetitionclarification Note-Taking: Verbal ←→ N. V. C.1. spoken L df. coun→ coun, emtion same2. X gram of NVC3. X dictionary 4 NVC4. X repetitn/ clarificatn →understand the NVC 1st time around. 5. can’t hide our true feelin’ of NVC*NVC is an integral part of com. nScript: So to finish up, I’m going to list five things that differentiate verbal and nonverbal communication. I’d like you to note them down. First, while spoken languages differ from country to country, emotions are communicated in much the same nonverbal way throughout the world. Second, although we know a lot about the grammar of spoken language, we still don’t know a lot about the grammar of N.V.C. nThird, we don’t have any dictionaries for N.V.C. If you go to a foreign country and somebody makes a hand gesture you don’t understand, there’s no dictionary to help you. And fourth, we can ask for repetition or clarification of what somebody has said, but it’s practically impossible to ask, “Could you repeat that smile?” or “What does that facial expression mean?” nWe have to understand nonverbal communication the first time around. And finally, we can hide our true feelings with spoken language, but it’s more difficult with N.V.C. We can’t just stop ourselves from turning red, or slow down our heartbeat, right? nSo whether we like it or not, body language can’t lie—although I’ll bet there are times we all wish it could. So in conclusion then, nonverbal communication is an integral part of communication. The EndThank you for sharing! 。