1----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------被动语态 一、导入二、（1）专题讲解 ☆专题 1： 被动语态1、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果， 那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的2、五种基本句型结构之一：主+谓+宾E.g: I eat an apple.Tom plays basketball.（注:在“ 主+谓+宾” 结构中，主语是动作的执行者，宾语是动作的承受者 ）3、被动语态谓语结构：be done（过去分词）1.主动语态：主语是动作的执行者e.g.：Many people speak Chinese.2.被动语态：主语是动作的承受者e.g.：Chinese is spoken by many people.孩子弄的大人没脾气儿子问老公：张飞他妈姓什么？老公：不知道。
儿子：笨，姓吴，无事生非（吴氏生飞）都不知道儿子再问：张飞他爸姓什么？老公思索半天，猛拍脑门：姓惹，惹事生非！儿子狂笑：笨死了！姓张！你不跟你爸姓呀2----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------被动语态变化模式如图：They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory.4、被动语态的使用情况：1） 、当不知道谁是动作的执行者时；Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了 不知道电脑是谁偷的) 2） 、没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时；The door was opened.（没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者）3)、只需强调动作的承受者时The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
5、各种时态的被动语态结构: be done( 总结构)6、主动语态变被动语态步骤：1. 判断时态：思考这种时态的被动语态结构2 主变宾：主动语态句子中的宾语变被动语态句子中的主语（同时宾变主） 3. 谓动变被动：把谓语动词变成被动结构（be + done）4. 主语放 by 后，主格变宾格：把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by（被）之后，将主格变时态 主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 do\does am\is\are+done一般过去时 did was\were+done现在进行时 am\is\are+doing am\is\are+being+done过去进行时 was\were+doing was\were+being+done一般将来时 will+do will be +done现在完成时 have\has+done have\has+been+done有情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done3----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------为宾格。
e.g.：1、All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.2、He cuts down a tree A tree is cut down by him.3、I am eating an apple.An apple is being eaten by me.4、They grow rice in South China.Rice is grown in South China.5、They will do their homework tomorrow.Their homework will be done by them tomorrow .7、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加 be，加“过分” ）e.g：1.We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired by us in two days. 2.He must finish this work soon. This work must be finished by him soon.3.We should plant trees in spring.Trees should be planted by us in spring.初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有：三、汉语中含有“据说” 、 “据悉” 、 “有人说” 、 “大家说”等时。
例如： can（be done） 能够被…may（be done） 可以\能被…must（be done） 必须被…need（be done） 需要被…should（be done） 应该被…4----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知… … It is well known that …据推测说… … It is supposed that …三、汉语中含有“据说” 、 “据悉” 、 “有人说” 、 “大家说”等时例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知… … It is well known that …据推测说… … It is supposed that …四、汉语中含有“被” 、 “由”等词时。
例如： Tina is asked to come by Paul．Tina 是被 Paul 叫来的五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态例如： He was born in October，1989 ．4、巩固练习一、单选：( )1. The flowers ___ often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( )2. The books may___ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( )3. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( )4. Now these magazines________ in the library for a long time. A.have kept B. are keeping 5----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C. have been keeping D. have been kept( )5. The pot ___ for ___ hot water A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )6. Tea ___ in the south of China.A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( )7. The bridges___ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( )8. The bike ___ 500 yuan.A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed( )9.--Kate got her driver’s license yesterday.-- I think 15-year-olds _______ drive. They are not calm enough.A. should be allowed not to B. should allow toC. shouldn’t be allowed to D. should be allowed to( )10. The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found5、 拓展训练一、将下列主动句转换成被动句1. The teacher told him not to waste time on playing computer games.______________________________________________________2. The workers are building a new railway between the two cities. ______________________________。