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高考冠词用法及练习题和答案

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专题一 冠词用法【知识清单】一. 冠词的基本用法不定冠词一般用来修饰单数可数名词,但有时也可修饰不可数名词不定冠词a和ana用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前,而an则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前如:a student,an orange university _____ European country ____ umbrella1.与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别 -- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.-- You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer. 翻译:作为一个孩子,他不得不去谋生2.泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一个”, 相当于 a certain -- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? -- Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示“每一(单位)的……” I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 翻译:你应该一天吃三片药__________________________________________(pill)我们每周有三节课_________________________________4.在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具体化, 表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。

It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事)I would like a coffee and two beers.5. 用于某些不可数名词前,表示“某一方面”“某一部分”等特殊含义如education, history, knowledge, population. time, favor等,前面常用不定冠词She has a good knowledge of English and computer.China has a long history.I had a good time when I travelled abroad.翻译:你能帮我个忙吗?_______________________________中国有十三亿人口3.名词短语中含有such/what时,不定冠词也不能放在最前端,而要放在such/what之后(强制性):such/what+a/an+形容词+名词She is such a beautiful girl.What a clever boy he is!在一些固定词组中要用a / an.have a rest, have a break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour ,a little , a few , a lot , a type of , a pile , a great many ,many a ,as a rule ,in a hurry , in a word ,in a short while ,after a while , have a cold , have a try ㈡定冠词(the)的基本用法1.用来特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰 Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one.2.指说话的双方都知道的人或事物 Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you. 3.复述上文中提到的事物 There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new.4.用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5.序数词和形容词最高级前比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 6.用于复数姓氏之前, 表示“夫妇”或“全家”。

the Smiths7.表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前 the sun, the moon, the earth, the world8.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等名称前 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 9.在某些形容词之前, 可表示某一类人 the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead㈢零冠词(无冠词)情况:1.人名、地名(街名、广场名、公园名)、大学名、国名、病名前 Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park 北海公园, Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing2.抽象名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词 When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. 3.物质名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。

The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.4.表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前, 常不用冠词但表示具体的人时, 加 the We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有:president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等5.表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前, 不用冠词但我国的阴历节前要用the Children’s Day, Women’s Day, May Day the Spring Festival6.man 作“人类”讲时, 同 human, mankind 一样不用冠词 While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man’s understanding of color.  7.复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。

It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. 二. 冠词的语义分析(根据语境判断特指与泛指)泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一组概念, 在英语中广泛使用泛指”是指普遍、不确定的人或事物, 而“特指”则是指具体、特定的人或事物泛指与特指可以说是精与细的区别,前者侧重于全面撒网, 而后者旨在重点培养具体来讲, 其两者区别如下: 1.泛指是指首次提到的, 不限定的人或事物;特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物, 或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物,也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物A boy is playing basketball.(泛指)Do you like the boy who are playing basketball?(特指)2.泛指:一般的指, 是和“特指”相对的;特指:是专门的指, 和“泛指”相对I have a car. (泛指) The car is red.(特指)3.泛指:无特别指定对象, 是和“特指”相对的;特指:有特别指定对象, 和“泛指”相对My mother works in a hospital.(泛指)The hospital where my mother works is in the center of the city.(特指)三. 冠词的固定搭配㈠单一固定词组中冠词的使用 1.不定冠词固定词组give sb. a ride顺便带某人一程a couple of几个have a good time过得很愉快keep a diary写日记in a hurry急忙地once in a while偶尔地tell a lie说谎do sb. a favor帮某人的忙give sb. a hand帮…忙once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事实上as a result (of)作为(……)的结果in a word总而言之have a word with与……说句话have/take a look (at)看一看have/take a rest休息一下put an end to结束2.定冠词固定词组play the piano弹钢琴the whole整个the same同样的go to the cinema去看电影3.零冠词固定词组on foot步行 by train/ boat / plane乘火车/船/飞机in fact事实上in class在上课in church在教堂 in danger在危险中 in hospital在医院in bed在床上at home在家 at school在学校 at night在晚上at noon在中午go to bed去睡觉go to college上大学play chess下棋have lunch吃午餐go to school去上学play basketball打篮球㈡用与不用冠词的对比差异in hospital生病住院in the hospital在医院里go 。

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