NoSignsExplanations1dtoday1oPeople, person2.dyesterday2LG:Ladies and Gentlemen3..dThe day before yesterday3SSociety, social4d.tomorrow4rGovernment5d..The day after tomorrow5∧Leader6mmonth6□State, country, nation7.mLast month7WWork, employ8m.Next month8/Negative, Cross-out9yyear9UAgreement, contract, Treaty10.yLast year10力agriculture11y.Next year12◎Meeting, discussion12’100013Me:I would like to say (point out, mention, etc.)13’’1000,00014//end14’’’1000,000,000 15D1, D2... D7Monday, Tuesday ... Sunday 通用符号示例 NoSignsExplanations10「Indicating future tense 1+Furthermore, in addition to, with, and11√Right, correct, good, sure, certain, well-known2—Negative meaning of anything12☆Outstanding, best, important3=Equal, the same as 13xWrong, bad, notorious4﹥More than, bigger than, larger than, surpass 5﹤Fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior than14→To, send to, submit to, transmit to, lead to6∵Because, owing to, thanks to, due to15←From, bring back from, come from7∴Therefore, so, consequently, as a result16↑Rise, go up, ascend, skyrocket, increase8〔 〕within17↓Set, go down, descend, decrease, depreciation9」Indicating past tense Word SuffixShort HandSamples … tion n Composition Cmpn … ism m Socialism Sm … able bl Movable Movbl … ing g Interesting Interg … cal cl Economical Ecocl … ian º Technician Techo 常用缩略词示例AbbreviationsExplanationsAbbreviations ExplanationsADAdvertisementMEMOMemorandumamapAs many (much) as possibleMGRManagerasapAs soon as possibleMINMinimumCERTCertificateMKTMarketCOOPCooperationORDOrdinaryCO.Company, CorporationPLSPleaseDeptDepartmentPRODProductionEXCHExchangeRCVreceiveEXPLNExplainREPRepresentativeFLTFlightRPTRepeatFYRFor your referenceRSPONResponsibilityGDGoodSTDStandardGUARGuaranteeTELtelephoneIFMNInformationTHOThough, AlthoughIMPSImpossibleTKSThanksIMPTImportantTRDTradeINDIVIndividualWLWillI/OInstead ofWTWeightIOUI own youXLExtra LargeIVOIn view of LabLaboratory al : 尽管 although bz: 商业 business co: 公司company com: 社团 communion edu:教育 education eg: 例子 fz: 财政finance in: 保险 insurance nz: 新闻news info: 信息，消息information infra: 基础建设infrastructure tr: 贸易trade tx: 税收 tax, taxation ag: 农业agriculture rec: 娱乐recreation ed: 教育education gym:体育馆 gymnasium congrats: 恭喜congratulations grad: 毕业生graduatesdoc: 医生doctor demo: 示范，表演 demonstration 听写，Mini-lecture和口译中记笔记时的速记符号大全Note-taking symbols and abbreviations Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. 1）Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sum f = frequency 2）Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf = compare e.g. = example dept = department 3）Use only the first syllable of a word. pol = politics dem = democracy lib = liberal cap = capitalism 4）Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres = presentation subj = subject ind = individual cons = conservative 5）Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associate biol = biology info = information ach = achievement chem = chemistry max = maximum intro = introduction conc = concentration min = minimum rep = repetition 6）Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government 7） Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am’t = amount cont’d = continued gov’t = government educat’l = educational8）Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts = chapters egs = examples fs = frequencies intros = introductions 9）Use g to represent ing endings. ckg = checking estg = establishing decrg = decreasing exptg = experimenting 10）Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. 11）Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. 12）Leave out unimportant words. 13）Leave out the words a and the. 14）If a term, p。