动力工程系 Power Engineering DepartmentWuhan Institute of Shipbuilding TechnologyPower Engineering DepartmentLuobin动力工程系 Power Engineering DepartmentLesson 45 MARPOL 73/78第45课 73/78防污公约动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• MARPOL 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto. • MARPOL 73/78系指《经1978年议定书修 订的1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约》 动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. • MARPOL公约是防止船舶因操作或事故原因而对 海洋环境造成污染的主要公约。
• It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and updated by amendments through the years. • 它由1973年和1978年两个相对独立的条约联合而 成，多年来，经多个修正案更新动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO and covered pollution by oil, chemicals, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage. • 《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》( MARPOL)是 1973年11月2日在IMO通过的，涵盖了油污染、 化学品污染、包装形式的有毒物质污染、生活污 水污染及垃圾污染。
动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• The Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) was adopted at a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978 held in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977. • 《关于1973年国际防止船舶造成污染公约 1978年议定书》是在1978年2月针对1976 年~1977年发生的油船事故召开的油船安全 和防污染(国际外交)大会上通过的 动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• (Measures relating to tanker design and operation were also incorporated into a Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1974 Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974). • (关于油船设计及操作的措施也包括在《关 于1974年国际海上人命安全公约1978年议 定书》中)。
动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• As the 1973 MARPOL Convention had not yet entered into force, • 鉴于MARPOL 73公约当时没有生效， • the 1978 MARPOL Protocol absorbed the parent Convention. • 1978年MARPOL议定书吸收了两个原始公 约的内容 动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• The combined instrument is referred to as the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), • 这也就是《经1978年议定书修订的1973年国际防 止船舶造成污染公约》， • and it entered into force on 2 October 1983 (Annexes Ⅰ and Ⅱ). • 该公约从1983年10月2日生效(附则I和II)。
动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships • 该公约包括多个条款，目的在于防止和减 少船舶污染 • - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations • --包括事故性污染和常规操作污染 • and currently includes six technical Annexes: • 目前公约包括六个技术附则：动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• Annex Ⅰ Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil; • 附则I 防止油类污染规则； • Annex Ⅱ Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk; • 附则II 控制散装有毒液体物质污染规则； • Annex Ⅲ Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form; • 附则III 防止海运包装有害物质污染规则；动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• Annex Ⅳ Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships; • 附则IV 防止船舶生活污水污染规则； • Annex Ⅴ Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships; • 附则V 防止船舶垃圾污染规则； • Annex Ⅵ Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entry into force 19 May 2005). • 附则VI 防止船舶造成大气污染规则(2005年5月19 日生效)。
动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• Discharge Standards • 排放标准 • Notes: • 注释： • The table below provides a summary only. • 下面的表格仅是一个简要概述 • The text of the Convention should be consulted in order to obtain full details of the discharge requirements before undertaking any waste discharge at sea. • 在海上进行任何废弃物排放之前，应参照公约以 获得更加详细的排放规定 动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• Different discharge standards apply in designated “Special Areas“. • 被指定的每个“特殊区域”适用不同的排放标 准 • The text of the Convention should be consulted if details are required. • 如需更详细的资料，应参考公约文本。
• There are no “Special Areas“ in Australian waters. • 在澳大利亚水域没有“特殊区域” 动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• The term “from the Nearest Land“ means from the baseline from which the territorial sea of the territory in question is established in accordance with international law, • “距最近陆地”一词，系指距按照国际法划定 领土所属领海的基线， 动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• except off the east coast off the north- eastern coast of Australia where it is measured from a line drawn around the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef (Table 45-1) . • 但下叙情况除外：就本公约而言，在澳大 利亚东北面“距最近陆地”系指从大堡礁外边 缘的分界线(表45-1)。
动力工程系 Power Engineering DepartmentTable 45-1 Discharge criteria 表45-1 排放标准Pollution Type 污染类型 Sub- Category 子范畴 Where/When discharge permitted 允许排放的地点/时间 Oil (Annex I) 油(附则I) Oily waste from cargo tanks of oil tankers 油船液货舱含 油废弃物 •More than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land; and •距最近陆地50 n mile 以上动力工程系 Power Engineering Department• Tanker is proceeding en route; and •油船正在航行途中 • Instantaneous rate of discharge。