初中定语从句讲解及练习一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who指人，在从句中做主语(1) TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2) YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.女口果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybodysomeone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略3) Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2) Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略5) Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6) Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)具体使用时还要注意下列问题€1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：€(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。
例如：Allthathesaidistrue.€(2) 先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.€(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.€(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2, 只用which不用that的情况：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立€CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理•史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
€(非限)€Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyo这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人例如：Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2) Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?6. when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：€l'llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.€7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语例如：€Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity€6．"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构1)"介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：€Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.€像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.热身练习请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2. AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3. Youcouldn'tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4. Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5. Theysaidsomethingyoudidn'tlike.6. Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?8. HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.9. MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.10. Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?12. Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13. Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14. Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15. AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1. Thisisthemanwantstoseeyou.2. ThestudentansweredthequestionisZhangHua.3. Themanyouwenttoseehascome.4. ThemanImetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5. Thewomanyousawisourgeographyteacher.6. Therunneryouareaskingaboutisoverthere.7. ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.8. Themanwaspassingbysawwhathappened.9. Hereisthepenyoulostthedaybeforeyesterday.10. Thesebooksyoulentmewereveryuseful.11. ThestorybookIhavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.12. Aclockisamachinetellspeoplethetime.13. ThisisshirtIboughtyesterday.14. Adictionaryisabookgivesthemeaningtotheword.15. Thebookisonthetableismine.16. Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.17. IwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplacesIhaveevervisited.18. IsthereanyonefamilyisinBeijing?19. Showmetheboymotherisawell-knownsinger.20. TheboyfatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayoungladycomesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()3.Thestudentswereallinterestedyoutoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisofficewasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()5.Thisisthemuseumwevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherallhadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC。