pro-beam Your Partner for Electron Beam ApplicationsFascination Electron BeamName of speaker, subsidiary© pro-beam 01 / 2About usCompany founder Frh. Dietrich von Dobeneck1. Electron beam machine (Carl Zeiss)Large electron beam chamber machine type K6000-1© pro-beam 01 / 3Production of PrototypesPreproductionProduction terminates only spare and replacement parts are producedtechnical consultation preliminary experimentsCompany PhilosophyTimeQuantityMass productionpro-beam handles peak loadsAlternatives: at pro-beam or at customers site with own machineMass production© pro-beam 01 / 4Company PhilosophyTimeQuantity pro-beam groupOur strengths - your benefitsJob Shop Electron Beam- and Laser Beam-Technology (Welding, Perforation, Surface Treatment)GermanyPlanegg/Munich, Braunschweig, Neukirchen/Chemnitz, Burg/Magdeburg, Hasselroth/Frankfurt SwitzerlandWinterthur ChinaSuzhouEquipment TechnologyGermany Neukirchen/Chemnitz Klein-Winternheim/MainzProcess enginee- ringGermanyHalle/Saale© pro-beam 01 / 5pro-beam PortfolioThin film technologySystemsSurface treatmentWeldingTechnologiesApplicationsQualityDrillingBasicsHeating technologyDesignService© pro-beam 01 / 6beam source with cathode, Wehnelt- cylinder and anodefocus Lensgbcentering and stigmator unitwork piecemanipulatorx-y deflectorsensor platesScheme of chamber machine with EB-GeneratorGeneration of Electron Beam© pro-beam 01 / 7Shape and focus of the electron beam depend on the quality of the vacuum. Influence of Vacuum on the Electron Beamapplicable for:steel, aluminum, copper,…applicable for:reactive materials such as titan, niobium, zirconiumfine vacuum machinehigh vacuum machine0.18% •Advantage vacuum: no annealing color, hydrogen embrittlement, reduction of pores, vaporization of impurities •Well-directed spreading of power density allows adjustment to the material and the work piece geometry •Partial hardening zones, exactly defined – only where really necessary •Hardness depth between 0.1 and 1.7 mm without surface fusion melting•Any metallic material •Heating slightly above melting point •Fast solidification of the melt leads to extremely fine-grained boundary layer •Increase of hardness also for cast iron •Remelting depth between 0.1 and 5 (10) mm© pro-beam 01 / 13Solid-Phase Processes (To Ts)HardeningAnnealingRemeltingAlloyingCoatingDispersingTo = surface temperatureTs = melting temperatureDuring hardening and remelting the high power density is spread onto two or three dimensional areas with the help of deflection systems Exactly defined and locally limited hardening and remelting profilesSurface Treatment© pro-beam 01 / 14EB- Hardening and EB- Remeltingmaterial:C 70 hardness depth:1,0 + 0,3 mm hardness values:58 HRCmaterial:AlMg hardness depth:1,0 + 0,3 mm hardness value:58 HRCmaterial:GLS 250 hardness depth:1,0 mm hardness value:60 HRCmaterial: X155CrVMo12-1 hardness depth:0,6 + 0,3mm hardness value: 59 + 2 HRC© pro-beam 01 / 15EB- PerforationPenetration of the electrons into the material in dependence of acceleration voltage and density of the materialA melting channel grows into the work piece, due to the high energy of the beam. A key hole will be formed.At the moment of full penetration the beam will hit the backing material. This material will vaporize like an explosion and blow out the molten material by it‘s high vapour pressure. The recast layer is less than 5- 10µm.© pro-beam 01 / 16• Economic technique for all metallic materials, when numerous small holes in thick, tough material are required• high productivity: up to 3000 bore holes per second• Reproducibility of hole shapes ranging from cylindrical to conical, including inclined angles to the surface, with depth/diameter ratio of up to 20:1• hole diameter: 0.08 up to max. 2.0 mm• thickness of material: up to max. 10 mmUse:combustion chamber cooling holeUse and basic conditions of EB Perforation© pro-beam 01 / 17Use and basic conditions of EB PerforationBasic conditions:• Work piece should be rotationally symmetric• There should be required > 3000 holes per work piece / evacuation cycle• accessibility for support materialcentrifugal spinner for glass fiberFilter for paper and pulp industry© pro-beam 01 / 18• High surface hardness micro hardness >2500HV• Low friction; DLC vs. 100Cr6 / µ=0,12• Reduced adhesion• Biocompatibility• Enhanced productivity / operating life• Economic advantageCustomer benefit of thin film technologyDo you know diadur®/ DLC© pro-beam 01 / 19• Ceramic materials such as silicium carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), etc.• All steels• Metals, except precious metal• Light metal and non-ferrous metal (copper-alloys), Al, TiWhat can be coated with diadur®/ DLC© pro-beam 01 / 20Thin Film Technology Functional principle • Plasma technique in vacuum • Carbonic process gases • Condensable hydrocarbons are deposited on the part’s surface, creating a diamond-like carbon coatingCharacteristics。