浅析初中英语课文中两组动词的用法一． 浅析动词say.speak.talk.tell的用法在初中英语课文中say.speak.talk.tell是常见的几个动词，都含有“说．说话．讲话”等意思但要正确区分和运用它们，却比较困难，现将初中英语课文中的一些用法分述如下：1． Say,作vt．含有“说．说出．说道”的意思，着重指所说的话的内容，可跟名词．代词作宾语．可跟宾语从句，也可以用作被动语态① 跟名词或代词：Will you please say it again more slowly? 请你慢点儿再说一遍好吗？Please open your mouth and say“ah”请你张开口说“啊”They came to say goodbye to me.他们是来向我告别的二册．33课）② 跟宾语从句：The radio says the weather will get warmer later. 无线电广播说迟后天气会变暖和二册．47课）What does the teather say?She says that she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.老师说了些什么？她说她将在校长的桌子上留个信。
三册．13课）③ 用于被动结构：It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great While Shark. 据说最危险的一种鲨鱼是大白鲨三册．24课）此外“say”还有“讲”的意思Say it in English. 用英语讲吧2． Speak.含有“讲话．说话．谈话．发言”的意思着重开口发音，不强调所说的内容，一岁左右的小孩能“speak”.不会“say”．一般作不及物动词用作及物动词用时，一般以某种语言作宾语① 作不及物动词：The headmaster spoke at the meeting. 校长在会议上讲了话 Could you speak more loudly,please? 请你大点讲好吗？（三册．28课）The baby can’t speak yet. 这个婴儿还不会讲话②作及物动词： The girl can speak Engilsh.这个女孩会讲英语 Which language is speaken by the largest number of people in the world? 世界上说哪种语言的人最多？（三册．34课）③speak跟介词“to”表示“和…谈话”，“对…说话”。
Could I speak to Mr Song Jia,the headmaster,please?我可以和校长宋佳先生通话吗？（三册．13课）I want to speak to him about my son.我想跟他谈我儿子的事三册．13课）3． Talk.含有“说话．谈话．讲”的意思与speak的意思较接近，着重说话的动作，但暗示话是对某人说的，因此有较强对答和讨论意味，一般作不及物动词，也可作及物动词用，常与about,with(to)连用① 作不及物动词：While we were talking,the teacher came in .我们正在谈话时，老师进来了二册．100课）You’d better not talk in class.你最好课堂上别讲话② 作及物动词，后跟某些特定名词或代词作宾语He is talking business.他在谈生意经The child couldn’t talk a word of Chinese.这孩子一句中文都不会说③talk about.谈论某人（某事）Talk with (to).与…交谈He is talking with (to ) a friend. 他在和朋友交谈。
What are you going to talk about ? 你将谈论什么？（三册．17课）When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth,the sun,the moon and stars… (三册．46课)4．Tell.含有“说．讲．告诉”等意思一般指向他人说话，作及物动词．可接宾语．双宾语．宾语从句，或代词．副词引起的不定式① 接宾语：Mark Twain told the funnest stories. 马克吐温讲了几个最有趣的笑话二册．92课）The child tells a lie ,He doesn’t tell truth. 这个小孩说谎，不说真话② 接双宾语：The teacher told us an interesting story yesterday.老师昨天给我们讲了一个有趣的故事I’ll tell you everything tomorrow.明天我全告诉你③ 接从句或代词．副词引起的不定式Could you tell me where the Blue Sky Hotel is?你能告诉我蓝天宾馆在哪儿？（三册．20课）I’m going to tell my parents I want to go to Hainan Island.我将告诉我的父母我想去海南岛。
三册．20课）I’ll tell you what to do. 我会告诉你干什么此外“tell”还可作“教．让．吩咐”讲He told me not to bring you anything .他让我不给你带东西来二册．80课）Tell him to come tomorrow. 教他明天来综合运用：1.The teacher tell us not to talk in class .老师教我们在课堂上不讲话2.He went on talking for a long time ,but he spoke so fast few of us could catch what he said .他滔滔不绝地说了老半天，我们几乎全听不出说些什么二．动词 be asleep.be in bed.go to bed.sleep.get to sleep.fall asleep.go to sleep的用法 1.be asleep.“睡着，睡着的”表示睡着的状态，其中asleep是形容词，不能作定语，只能作表语 In fifteen minutes he was fast asleep. 在十五分钟后他睡熟了。
（二册．70课） But the baby is asleep .可是这个婴儿睡着了 （二册．78课） 2．be in bed .“躺在床上，在睡觉 Why are you still in bed ? 为什么你还躺着睡觉？ （二册．67课）3.go to bed . “睡觉，去睡，就寝”仅表示“去睡觉”这么一个动作When did you go to bed last night? 你昨晚什么时候睡觉？4．sleep.“睡觉．睡着．入睡”一般作不及物动词作“睡着．入睡”讲时，与get to sleep.fall asleep意思较接近口语中常用get to sleep ,fall asleep代替sleep.The old man is sleeping. 这位老人在睡觉一册．82课）Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得好吗？The man downstairs was trying to sleep. (二册．94课)He found it very difficult to sleep(get to sleep,fall asleep)and he was rather angry with the man upstairs. 他很难入睡，对楼上的人相当生气。
二册．94课）He couldn’t sleep.他睡不着Sleep 也可作及物动词用He didn’t want to sleep the afternoon away. 他不想把整个下午睡掉5．get to sleep,“睡着，入睡”，表示的是go to bed 以后入睡的动作其中get to sleep中的get to 有“开始”的意思He went to bed ,But he couldn’t get to sleep.他上床睡觉，但是他却睡不着6．Fall asleep.“睡觉．入睡”，一时性动作，作入睡讲与sleep,get to sleep意思接近Last night ,as soon as I fell sleep(slept,got to sleep) Idreamt that I went to the garden. 昨天晚上我一入睡就梦见我去了花园二册．70课） He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door. 他刚要入睡，就有人大声敲门二册．94课）7.go to sleep.“睡着．入睡”。
表示入睡的过程，强调的是动作Then try to relax before you go to sleep .那么你睡觉前尽力放松二册．70课）At last the child went to sleep.最后孩子们睡着了。