英语国际音标 音素和国际音标 1．什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位2．音素的分类：元音和辅音3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅 音音 素28个4．什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标5．什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音 协会规定的一套音标，用来 记录世界各主要语言的语音 •元音和辅音的定义：•发音时声带振 动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音•不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音•发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音•发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音 元元 音音12个个单元音元音长元音元音[a:][ә:][i:][ɔ:] [u:]短元音短元音[Λ][ә][i][ɔ] [u][æ][e]8个双元音个双元音[ai] [ei][ɔi i][iә ][eә ] [uә ][au][әu] 辅 音音11对清清辅音音[p] [t][k][f][h][s][ʃ][tʃ][tr][θ][ts]浊辅音音[b] [d][g][v][r][z][ʒ ][dʒ][dr][ð][dz]3个鼻音个鼻音[m][n][η]2 2个半元音个半元音[w][j]1个个舌舌边音音[l] 巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二，四二六前中后双元音也好背，合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊， 四个连对也包括。
有气无声清辅音， 有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握 元元 音音 ( 20 Vowels ) /i: / / I / /e/ /æ/ /ɜ / /ә/ /αα / /ʌ / /ɔ / /ɒ/ /u:/ /ʊ/ /eI/ /aI/ /ɔІ//әʊ/ /aʊ/ /Iә/ /eә/ /ʊә/::: Lesson 1元音[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 学习 •[i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee • e: me be she he we evening• ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green• ea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean R Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of ead the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of [i:][i:]Can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field?•Can you see the green leaves of each tree in the field? •[i] [i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ayi e y ey ay• i: i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin pig fish in fifteen six ship thin• e:e: begin behind jacket basketball begin behind jacket basketball• y:y: happy heavy busy carry sunny study twenty happy heavy busy carry sunny study twenty ey:ey: monkey money monkey money• ay:ay:Sunday Saturday FridaySunday Saturday Friday Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of of [ [i] i] A: Be quick, we’ll go to the cinema A: Be quick, we’ll go to the cinema B: What is it B: What is it A: It a ticket A: It a ticketA: Be quA: Be qui ick, we’ll go to the cck, we’ll go to the ci in ne emama B: What B: What i is s i it t A: A: I It a tt a ti ickcke et t •[ә:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear or• er: her serve term• ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt • ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain• ear:early learn • or: word work worldRead the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of of [ [ә:ә:] ]The nurse see the turtle on her purple curtainThe nurse see the turtle on her purple curtain [ә] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e• ure: picture• er:teacher brother dinner father sister• ar: sugar• or:doctor • a:panda about above camera sofa ChinaRead the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of of [ [ә ә] ]•Peter’s father is a doctor •Peter’s father is a doctor 音标音标[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 练习练习1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。
找出下列没有相同发音的词 ( ) ①①hefeet bread green ( ) ②②pig is dog ship ( ) ③③thirtybird her food ( ) ④④shebig in money ( ) ⑤⑤sweetsfish teacher we ( ) ⑥⑥teachersisteraboutgirl ( ) ⑦⑦tigerfirstworkshirt ( ) ⑧⑧treebeancleanchin ( ) ⑨⑨fatherdoctorskirt china ( ) ⑩⑩happyseasitpicture2. 读音标写单词读音标写单词 [bi:] [bә:d] [si:] [swi:t] [′bizi] [hә:] [′dɔktә] [′sistә] [li:f] [hi:] 3. 连线。
连线 meat [ә:] thirsty [i:] driver [ә] animal [i:] Lesson 2音标音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]学习学习 [ɔ:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oor a: water aw:draw strawberry al:ball wall or:horse corn fork or short oor:floor doorRead the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of of [ɔ:][ɔ:] I am Paul. I am four. I am tall. Give me a callI am Paul. I am four. I am tall. Give me a call •[ɔ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o a• o: fox coffee dog shop dog• doctor long• a: watch Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of of [ [ɔ]ɔ]•Tom has a lot of dots on his pocket.•Tom has a lot of dots on his pocket. [u:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui • o: do who whose• oo: food moon too• ui: fruit juice• u: ruler rude Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of of [u:][u:]•How do you do! Bring your stool! Go to school•How do you do! Bring your stool! Go to school •[u]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u• o:woman wolf• oo:look good book foot wood• u:bull bulletRead the sentence and underline the letters with Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of pronunciation of [ [u]u]•Green Wood, Mike Cook, please have a look, I have a good book.Green Wood, Mike Cook, please have a look, I have a good book 音标音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]练习练习一．抄写音标，一个抄写一．抄写音标，一个抄写10遍遍,一边抄写一边读。
一边抄写一边读 [u]：： [u:]：： [ɔ]：： [ɔ:]：：__________ 二．找出下列没有相同发音的词二．找出下列没有相同发音的词 ( ) ①①moonfood eat fruit ( ) ②②truebookwoodlook ( ) ③③foursmallwalk bird ( ) ④④gotclockshopshirt ( ) ⑤⑤busfootpush book ( ) ⑥⑥lostball long ox ( ) ⑦⑦rulerdog mooncake blue ( ) ⑧⑧bigship horse it •四四. 写出单词或音标。
写出单词或音标• [bru:m] [dɔ:] [sit] [bә:d] • [fut] [wi:] [dɔg] [′sistә] • look do water good • too foot clock first • work sister doctor sea•五五. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。
将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来• hot[blu:]• football[huk]• blue[ki:s]• hook[futbɔ:l]• kiss[hɔt] Lesson 3音标音标[a:] [Λ] [[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] ] [e] 练习练习 •[a:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear• a: grass glass class plant dance fast • father last • ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf • au: laugh aunt• ear: heartRead the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of of [a:][a:]• it’s too far to see the shark and the the shark teeth are sharp• it’s too far to see the shark and the shark teeth are sharp •[Λ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou• o: son come colour love money • u: sun nut jump gum bus brush • supper us• ou: touch cousin country•Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of [Λ]• Hurry up! A duck cuts a bug in the mud.• Hurry up! A duck cuts a bug in the mud. •[æ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合a a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map•Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of [æ]•Cat ! Cat ! Catch that fat cat!• Cat ! Cat ! Catch that fat cat! •[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea• e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen• ea: bread head breakfast•Read the sentence and underline the letters with pronunciation of [e]•Ted has an egg and a piece of bread goes to bed.•Ted has an egg and a piece of bread goes to bed. •音标音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习练习•一．选出下列没有相同发音的词。
一．选出下列没有相同发音的词• ( ) 1. car arm food garden• ( ) 2. true jump bus cut • ( ) 3. bag short map flag• ( ) 4. egg pen head small• ( ) 5. got clock bell dog• ( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot• ( ) 7. rat bat apple ten• ( ) 8. gun star duck moneg•二二. 写出单词或音标写出单词或音标• ［［pa:st］］ [ru:m] [swet] [sit]• [fæt] [gɔt] [cΛp] [shә:t] • bag car bus bread star head Lesson 4双元音双元音[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [әu ] [au] [iә] [eә] [uә] 练习练习 [ei]•a+辅音辅音+etakewake•eieightweigh•ayplayday•aiaimaid•aAprilaviator•A good fame is better than a good face.一个好的名望胜于好的相貌。
一个好的名望胜于好的相貌 [ai] •i+辅音辅音+elifeadvice•yskydry•iChinacrisis•ighhighfight•aiaisleThailand•Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不待人岁月不待人 [ɔi]•oytoyboy•oinoisespoil•Boys will be boys.男孩将男孩男孩将男孩 [әʊ]•ooverocean•o+辅音辅音+ewroterose•owrowgrow•ewsew•All roads lead to Rome. [aʊ]•oupoundloud•owcoward•Doubt is the key of knowledge.怀疑是知识的钥匙怀疑是知识的钥匙 [iә]•earearnear•eerdeersheer•eaideaarea•ereheresevere•eirweird（古怪的）（古怪的）•Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的老师经验是最好的老师 [eә]•arecareshare•airfairair•earbearswear•erewherethere•Where there is a will, there is a way. [ʊә]•uresurelure•ourtour•oorpoor•As sure as eggs is eggs.千真万确千真万确 辅音辅音 (28Consonants) /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /ʧ/ /ʤ/ /f/ /v/ /Ѳ/ /ð/ / s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/ /m/ /n/ /ŋ/ /I/ /r/ /w/ /j/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ Lesson 6辅音音标辅音音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习练习 [p] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop pp: apple happy 根据发音规则，圈出没有发根据发音规则，圈出没有发[p]的单词。
单词 1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple 3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck [b] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb b: book ball bird big boy bag banana bb:rubber rabbit cabbage根据发音规则，圈出发根据发音规则，圈出发[b]的2个单词 1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed 3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby [t] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合 t tt t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket tt: butter matter根据发音规则，圈出没有发根据发音规则，圈出没有发[t]的1个单词。
单词 1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duck 3.pocket packet cat rain [d] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合d ed d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold ed: smiled opened played根据发音规则，圈出没有发根据发音规则，圈出没有发[d]的1个单单词 1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five 3.dance duck grape 音标音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习练习选出下列没有相同发音的词•( ) 1. pear ship coat pig•( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage•( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet•( ) 4. seed dance hand full•( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple•( ) 6. cold find door chair •( ) 7. cloth purple pool push•( ) 8. eat fan quiet set Lesson 7辅音音标[k] [g] [s] [z]学习 [k]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck c: cap cook cup car can class k: cook milk key desk kite cake ck: clock sock cock neck从下列单词中找出一个发从下列单词中找出一个发[sk]的单词。
单词 1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock 3. disk truck silk duck •[g]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg• g: glass golf get girl bag goat• flag• gg: egg •根据发音规则，圈出发根据发音规则，圈出发[g]的单词• gas drive gum give violin bag • jeans orange log bridge guess• tank grade long language •[s]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce• s: star sun snake sea see• c: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate • ss: grass glass class boss • ce: face race rice nice•根据发音规则，圈出每组中根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发个发[s]的单词。
单词• 1. whose juice lick student • 2. those case scarf shoes• 3. space nose science meat • 4. tears piece bus nose [z]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合z s se z: zero zebra zoo s: bags photos sisters se: nose rose根据发音规则，圈出每组中根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发个发[z]的单词 1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes 3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zero 音标[k] [g] [s] [z]的练习一 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来•( ) 1. car stay neck clock•( ) 2. gas give drive bag•( ) 3. sea boss rice cook•( ) 4. lick zoo rose zero•( ) 5. tears freeze desk busy三. 把下列单词与音标用线连接起来。
socks ['gigl] giggle [gәust] ghost [sɔks] face [t∫i:z] cheese [feis] Lesson 8辅音音标辅音音标[∫] [ʒ] [t∫] [dʒ]练习练习 [∫] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh s: sugar sure sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[∫]的的2个单词 1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship 3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf •[ʒ]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合s •s: television, usually, Asia• an unusual collision; a great decision;• my pleasure根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[ʒ]的的1个单词。
个单词• 1. shell ship garage desk • 2. truck shirt pleasure ship• 3. brush casual sheep sleep • 4. hero shape leisure shelf •[t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tch• ch: teacher peach cherry chair • tch: watch match •根据发音规则根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发找出下列单词中发[t∫]的单词，并抄下来• chair dumpling beach cheese • night she monkey• China church these flower egg • dream shark chick catch [dʒ]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge g: ginger giraffe j: jump job jam ge: orange cabbage cage根据发音规则根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发圈出下列单词中发[dʒ]的单词。
egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job gift gate orange drug jeans gun 音标音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习练习一．选出下列具有相同发音的单词一．选出下列具有相同发音的单词 ( )1. shell watch ship see ( ) 2. shell pleasure sick treasure ( )3. chair China Monkey dream ( )4. job gift door cabbage ( )5. grass chick start jeans Lesson 9音标音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习的练习 [f]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合f ff ph gh f: five fan flower fish four leaf ff: giraffe ph: phone elephant photo gh: laugh选出下列单词中不发选出下列单词中不发[f]的单词，写在横的单词，写在横线上。
线上 knife flower foot fish pick get photo laugh leaf •[v]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合v ve• v: video vase vest• ve: five love violin•根据发音规则根据发音规则,在不发在不发[v]的单词上打的单词上打ו violin move vote window• van white woman• victory wet wave vase [θ]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合th th: three thin third teeth mouth根据发音规则，圈出不发根据发音规则，圈出不发[θ]的单词 1．．father three maths thirsty 2. mouth throat Thursday brother 3. think thirsty mother thousand 4. thin thick they teeth •[ð]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合th• th: father mother brother clothes• weather•根据发音规则，圈出每组中发根据发音规则，圈出每组中发 [ð]的的1个单个单词。
词• 1．．than sister brother three• 2. weather thank night good• 3. tie look teeth they• 4. thin father throat watch 音标音标[f] [v] [θ] [ð]的练习的练习一．将下列没有相同发音的词找出来一．将下列没有相同发音的词找出来 ( ) 1. foot knife pick fish ( ) 2. window move vote vase ( ) 3. three fan thousand thin ( ) 4. father them brother watch ( ) 5. finish van fool fat ( ) 5. they thin maths mouth Lesson 10 辅音音标［辅音音标［ts］］[dz] [tr] [dr]的练习的练习 [ts] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ts tes ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats tes: gates kites dates tastes 根据发音规则，找出发根据发音规则，找出发[ts]的的4个单词写在后面的横线上。
个单词写在后面的横线上 sands woods boots birds hats carrats hands beds friends rats seeds kids •[dz] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合ds des • ds: seeds woods friends birds beds • des: rides •根据发音规则，找出发根据发音规则，找出发[dz]的的5个单词写在后面个单词写在后面的横线上的横线上• coats hands cats kites • beds words pets kids • seats horse sands gates •[tr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合tr• tr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick•根据发音规则，找出没有发根据发音规则，找出没有发[tr]的的3个单词写在后个单词写在后面的横线上。
面的横线上• seats truck train trash tractor • drink street drug trousers •[dr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合dr• dr: draw drink driver dragon dry •根据发音规则，找出每组中发根据发音规则，找出每组中发[dr]的的2个单词写在个单词写在后面的横线上后面的横线上• 1. dream duck dress rain • 2. rat drain drug door • 3. tree treasure drawer drink • 4. truck dragon dish drum Lesson 11辅音音标辅音音标[h][r][l][m]的练习的练习 [h]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合h wh h: he her head heart hair ham wh: who whose 根据发音规则，根据发音规则， 把下列单词中不发把下列单词中不发[h]的找出来。
的找出来 1. ham hat white ( ) 2. horse whale who ( ) 3. wheat hole hair ( ) •[r] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wr• r: rice room ride road rose• rr: mirror carrot parrot • wr: write wrong wrap•根据发音规则，选出发根据发音规则，选出发[r]的单词，打的单词，打√• 1. bread driver wrong rain worker• 2. river father robot rope sister• 3. write fruit rabbit crown drum •[l] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll• l: look light lock lucky lion tail • ll: ball pull dollar tell•根据发音规则，选出每组中不发根据发音规则，选出每组中不发[l]的单词。
的单词• 1. lamp nail flag woman ( )• 2. yellow fruit lion lychee ( )• 3. grape bull laugh lake ( )• 4. dumpling moon wheel whale( ) •[m] 发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合m mb • m: mouth mouse milk monkey moon• money mum• mb: climb comb thumb •音标音标音标音标[h][r][l][m][h][r][l][m]的练习的练习的练习的练习一．把下列单词用线连接起来一．把下列单词用线连接起来• parrot[′pærәt] • heart[lɔk]• lock[ha:t]• dollar[klaim]• climb[′d ɔlә] Lesson 12音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习 [n]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合n kn gn•n: nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down•kn: knee knife knock •gn: sign 根据发音规则，找出发根据发音规则，找出发[n]的单词的单词1. mirror wheel yes knock •2. mall hen laugh nut •3. earrings plane wing bread [η]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合n ng•n: ink bank tank finger•ng: sing hang song king reading• running •根据发音规则，从下列每组中找出根据发音规则，从下列每组中找出2个发个发[η]的单的单词。
词•1．．net ring finger meat •2. tennis mouth song swing •3. dumpling wing run nail •4. hang swim ink note [w]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合•w: winter window watch water well would •wh: white where which when why wheel whale根据发音规则，选出每组中不发根据发音规则，选出每组中不发[w]音的音的1个单词•1. wood write wheel which•2. wheat snow wet woman•3. white window now why•4. whale water watch row [j]发这个音的字母和字母组合发这个音的字母和字母组合y•y: yo-yo yogurt yard yes you• your根据发音规则，找出发根据发音规则，找出发[j]的单词写在下的单词写在下面横线上。
面横线上•cry you your sky yellow lorry •money jelly toy boy yogurt soy 音标[n] [η] [w] [j]的练习把下列单词用线连起来 knee [hæη] hang [ni:] yolk [jәuk] whale [iηk] ink [weil] 语音的基本常识语音的基本常识 一：音节的划分一：音节的划分 一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节二：二： 开音节开音节&闭音节闭音节 开音节：开音节：a) 辅音辅音+元音元音+辅音辅音+e : name, bike, home, due, plane, b) 辅音辅音+元音元音: he, go, hi, do, be, tree, three, hello闭音节：闭音节：a) 辅音辅音+元音元音+辅音辅音: bad, bed, sit, hot, cup,let, mad, map b)元音元音+辅音辅音: it, is, of, in, on, up, out, ant三：三：.重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节 ，哪，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号““'”” 语音的基本常识语音的基本常识 四：浊化音四：浊化音[s]后面的清辅音要浊化后面的清辅音要浊化discussion：：/k/浊化成浊化成/g/stand：：/t/浊化成浊化成/d/expression：：/p/浊化成浊化成/b/五：连读五：连读辅音辅音+元音元音It~is~an~old book.Put~it~on, please.Not~at~all.Please pick~it~up. 。