高中英语虚拟语气练习题【重点归纳】一、虚拟条件句的类别虚拟条件旬可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况；另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况其主句和从何的谓语动词构成如下：1 .与现在事实相反条件从旬用过去时(be动词的过去式一律用 were),主句用 would (should/ might / could ) +动词原形”如：If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party.如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情2 .与过去事实相反条件从旬用过去完成时，主句用“ would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”，如：If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened.如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus.如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。
3 .与将来事实相反条件从旬用过去时或者“ were to +动词原形”或者“ should+动词原形”，主句用“ would (should/ might / could ) + 动词原形”，如：If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn 't have an exam.如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith.如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday.如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行特别提示】在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用，即：与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句中用过去将来时二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果if虚拟条件句中有were, had,或者should等词时，可以省略if ,把这些词放在主语前，形成倒装句。
如：If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her.如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她If I were in your position (Were I in your position), I would do it better.如果我在你的位置上，我会做得更好If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded.如果他们做了准备的话，他们就已经成功了重点归纳】1 .错综时间条件旬：有时在非真实条件句中，主句谓语动词所表示的动作和条件从句中谓语动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这时主句和从何的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式如：1Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.如果我今天早上出来的时候带着伞的话，现在就不会淋湿了从何说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）If you had followed the doctor s advice, you would be all right now.如果你（那时）听从我的建议的话，现在就不会有事了。
从何说的是过去的事情，而主句说的是现在的事情）If I hadn 't finished my composition by now, I would be working on it tomorrow.如果到现在为止我还没有完成作文的话，我明天还要接着写从何说的是现在的事情，而主句说的是将来的事情）2 .含蓄虚拟条件旬：有时一个假设的情况并不用条件从何表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句主要有以下几种情况1）用with, without , but for等介词短语来替代条件从何,它们都可以转换成由if引导的虚拟条件 旬如：We might have died without your help. =We might have died if you hadn't helped us.如果（那时）没有你们的帮助，我们可能已经死了Without the sun, nothing would grow. = If there was no the sun, nothing would grow.没有太阳，万物都不能生长2 ） 用 or, otherwise, but that, suppose/ supposing （that）, provided / providing （that）等弓I导的虚拟语气。
如：You didn 't come yesterday, or you would have seen him.你昨天没有来，否则的话，你就已经看到他了I was very busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.我上周很忙，否则的话，我就来看你了Supposing I was still a little child, I would study hard from now on.假如我还是一个小孩子的话，我将从现在开始努力学习3）通过上下文来表示虚拟：这种情况下，需要加以分析I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then.我（那时如果有钱的话）就可以给你更多的钱了，但是我当时太穷了I would have called you, but I forgot your telephone number.我本来可以给你打，但是我（那时）忘了你的号码Having known the fact in time, we couldn't have said that. = If we had known the fact in time, we couldn't have said that.如果我们（那时）及时知道事实的话，就不会说那件事了。
Any man in his position would have done that.处于他那个位置的任何人都会那样做的4）由should +动词原形或者should/could/might have +过去分词构成的虚拟语气种情况下，虚拟条件旬经常省略，而只剩下主旬结构，如：I should have told you that, but I was afraid that you couldn't accept the fact.我本应该告诉你那件事，但我担心你不能接受这个事实Tom, you are so lazy! This work should have been finished hours ago.汤姆，你太懒了！这个工作本应该几个小时之前完成3 .在if it were/had been not for …句型中的虚拟语气If it were not for …，表示对现在事实的假设；If it had not been for…，表示对过去事实的假设If it were not for the Internet, everything would be very difficult.联不是互联网，一切都会变得很难。
Had it not been for your overcoat, I would have died.要不是你那件大衣，我就被冻死了经典例题】1. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented2. If I had worn my overcoat, I cold.A. won 't have caught B .couldn 't have caughtC. won 't catchD. wouldn't catch3. —If he, he that food.— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken4. I didn 't see your sister at the meeting. If she, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come【答案与解析】1. . A.本题考查虚拟语气。
因为从何表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从何谓语动词用过去完成时，而 主句谓语动词用 would have +过去分词形式2. B.本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用因为从何用了过去完成时，可知主何谓语动词用 would / could have +过去分词形式根据句意，可知选B3. B.根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气故从何谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句 谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式4. D.根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐如果她来的话，她就见到我哥哥了”可知，这是考查 对过去事实的虚拟主句用 could have done ,故从何谓语动词应该用过去完成时Grammar work 语法专练动词变形用所给动词的适当形式填空1. —? If the factory(belong) to me, I(not sell) it.——But it isn't yours.2. 一 If you(keep) the secret, nobody(know) it.—I 'm sorry for making such a mistake.3. If the weather were to be (be) fine tomorrow, I(go) for an outing with my parents.4. (be) I you, I would think about this problem once 。