Ian McHargⅠ Personal Brief IntroductionIan McHarg was born in Scotland in 1920, fought in World War II, then studied landscape architecture and city planning at Harvard University from 1946 to 1949. After graduation, he worked and taught in Glasgow and Edinburgh, then returned to the United States in 1954 as an assistant professor of city planning at the University of Pennsylvania. At the time of his arrival, the Department of Land and City Planning, founded in 1950, was the most exciting planning program in the country. In 1956, McHarg had founded a newly reinstated Department of Landscape Architecture, for which he gradually built a faculty。
In 1959, Ian McHarg introduced prominent scientists, humanists, and poets to landscape architecture by inviting them to speak in his course Man and Environment at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1969, he published Design with Nature, a f inalist for the National Book Award and a book that led to fundamental changes in the teaching and practice of landscape architectureⅡ Main Literature 《Design With Nature》BackgroundKeyword•Baroque •English picturesque style of garden design •Dominate and Destroy Table of contents•City and Countryside 城市与乡村 •Sea and Survival 海洋与生存 •The Plight 困境 •A Step Forward 前进一步 •The Cast and the Capsule 模子和囊膜 •Nature in the Metropolis 大城市地区内的自然 •On Values 社会准则 •A Response to Values 对社会准则的回应•The World is a Capsule 世界好比是一个宇宙舱 •Processes of Values 视发展过程为价值 •The Naturalists 自然主义者 •The River Basin 流域 •The Metropolitan Region 大城市地区 •Process and Form 发展过程和形式 •The City: Process and Form 城市：发展过程和形式 •The City: Health and Pathology 城市：健康和病理 •Prospect 展望Main IdeaKeyword•Human cooperation •Biological partnership •Build environment •NaturePrimary coverage1. Ecology 2. Natural evoluion process 3. East and west 4. Natural factors 5. Adaptation 6. Population density and diseaseInfluence•Design With Nature was the first work of its kind “ to define the problems of modern development and present a methodology or process prescribing compatible solutions“ •Have an impact on a variety of fields and ideas Ⅲ Main Related Works nthe Plan for Baltimore’s Inner Harbornthe Plan for the Valleys in Baltimorenthe Plan for Lower Manhattan in New York Citynenvironmentally-based master plans for Amelia Island Plantationand Sanibel Islands in Floridanthe Richmond Parkway in Staten Island ,New YorkⅣ General Design IdeanMcHarg's emphasis is not on either design or nature by itself, but upon the preposition with , which implies human cooperation and biological partnership.ⅤInfluence nGeographic Information Systems (GIS) Ian McHarg is considered an important influence on the modern Landscape Architecture profession and land planning in particular. With his book “Design with Nature“, he popularized a system of analyzing the layers of a site in order to compile a complete understanding of the qualitative attributes of a place. This system became the foundation of today’s Geographic Information Systems (GIS). McHarg would give every qualitative aspect of the site a layer, such as the history, hydrology, topography, vegetation, etc. GIS software is ubiquitously used in the landscape architecture profession today to analyze materials in and on the earth's surface and is similarly used by Urban Planners, Geographers, Forestry and Natural Resources professionals, etc.he turned landcape architecture into a comprehensive subject,unified with Ecology, anthropology, geography, etc.And He promoted landscape architecture as the instrument of environmentalism and helped shape national policy on the environment.nLandscap ArchitectureⅥ What Can We Learn After the study we have learned that landscape design is not only to build a beautiful place,but also to heal the ecological system of a site,a city,a region and even the earth. We should design with a sense of responsibility for the environment and a respecting heart for the nature.Secondly,he has brought us a useful tool for landcape design------ GIS.It will help us consider more comprehensively about the site,making our design more scientific and economic.Ⅶ.In MemoriamIan McHarg has passed away but his legacy lives on,as more than 1,500 former graduate students under the direction of McHarg have now moved on to become deans and department heads of learning institutions throughout the world, while others have become high placed people in both government and the private sector. As James Corner, chair and associate professor of landscape architecture and regional planning for the University of Pennsylvania summarized at his memorial service, “Ian McHarg was one of the great。