单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第二章,词汇搭配和句子成分,主讲：秦荻辉,教授,西安电子科技大学,2.1词汇搭配,1,、固定词组（在词典中可以查到）,in a word,take place,take the place of,as a matter of fact,as usual,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系（会出现在词典的例句中或各种文章中，望多观察）,（1）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用,2.1词汇搭配,提高质量,raise,the efficiency,提高能力,提高警惕,improve,the quality,提高效率,increase,improve,the ability,enhance,heighten,ones vigilance,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,（1）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用,2.1词汇搭配,取得成就进步,make,achievements,progress,取得一致意见,reach,complete agreement of views,取得教训,draw,lessons,取得成功,取得同意,achieve,success,obtain,the consent,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,（1）某些名词必须与特定的动词连用,2.1词汇搭配,作一分析比较，研究,作一介绍描述，说明,give,an introduction,a description,an explanation,make,an analysis,a comparison,a study,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,Laser beams are sent at the moon.,Electrons are emitted at the screen,（,荧光屏）,.,（,2,）某些动词、形容词、名词要与特定的介词连用,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,（,2,）某些动词、形容词、名词要与特定的介词连用,2.1词汇搭配,emit,aim,send,point,direct,throw,shoot,at,朝向,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,某些名词前必须用特定的介词,Radio waves travel,in,all,directions,At,this,temperature,the metal melts.,For,this,purpose,To,this,end,we must try hard to scale the heights of science.,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,on,a large scale,to,a great extent,degree,point,in,a great measure,某些名词前必须用特定的介词,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,某些名词后必须要用特定的介词,These students are doing an,experiment,in,physics,on,electricity,.,They are attending a,lecture,a,report,a,conference,on,mobile communications,（,移动通讯）,.,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,the,answer,key,solution,to,a problem,the,preface,to,a book,an,exception,to,a rule,the,current,through,a component,the,voltage,across,a component,某些名词后必须要用特定的介词,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,名词与介词的一种常见而有用的搭配模式（注意其汉译法）,西安电子科技大学,(A,和,B,也是名词,),名词,of,A,介词,B,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,名词与介词的一种常见而有用的搭配模式（注意其汉译法）,A,、,该“名词”为普通的抽象名词（译成,“,AB,的,”,）,B,、,该“名词”来自于不及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑主语；译成“,AB,的,”）,C,、,该“名词”来自于及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾”译法）,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,A,、,该“名词”为普通的抽象名词（译成,“,AB,的,”,）,This section,（,节）,describes the,advantages,of AC,over,DC.,The,advantage,of TDMA,over,SCPC is that more ground stations can share,（,共享）,a single satellite transponder,（,应答器）.,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,A,、,该“名词”为普通的抽象名词（译成,“,AB,的,”,）,Speed is defined as the,ratio,of distance,to,time.,The,effect,influnce;impact,of temperature,on,upon,the resistance of a semiconductor must be taken into account.,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,A,、,该“名词”为普通的抽象名词（译成,“,AB,的,”,）,The,distance,of the moon,from,the earths center is,240,000,mi.,The effectiveness,（,有效性）,of this force depends only on the perpendicular,distance,of its line of action,（,作用线）,from,the hinges,（,铰链；折叶）,.,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,A,、,该“名词”为普通的抽象名词（译成,“,AB,的,”,）,the,superiority,of A,to,B,the,similarity,of A,to,B,the,relation,(,ship,),of A,to,B,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,B,、,该“名词”来自于不及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑主语；译成“,AB,的,”）,This curve shows the,dependence,of the output,on,upon,the input.,(,depend on,upon,),The,variation,of the conductivity of a metal,with,temperature is very small.,(,vary with,),西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,B,、,该“名词”来自于不及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑主语；译成“,AB,的,”）,Ellipses,（,椭圆）,are used to describe the,motions,of the planets,（,行星）,round,the sun.,(,move round,),All conductors offer small resistance to the,passage,of electrons,through,them.,(,pass through,),西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,B,、,该“名词”来自于不及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑主语；译成“,AB,的,”）,The control engineer is usually interested in the,response,of a control system,to,unit step,（,单位阶跃）,ramp,（,斜波）,and parabolic,（,抛物）,functions,（,函数）,.,（,respond to,）,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,B,、,该“名词”来自于不及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑主语；译成“,AB,的,”）,the,deviation,of A,from,B (deviate from),the,interaction,of A,with,B (interact with),the,projection,of A,on,B (project on),西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,*,特殊情况：,the,increase,decrease,rise,fall,change,reduction,in,/of,A,with,B,“,A,随,B,的,而”,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,*,特殊情况：,A gradual,increase,in resistance,with,speed is characteristic of friction between the boats bottom and the water.,*,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,the,variation,of current,with,impedance.,Fig.,1,shows,the,graph,of current,as a function of,impedance.,the,graph,of current,versus,vs.,impedance.,the,graph,of current,against,impedance.,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,The,definition,of electric current,as,a flow of charge is familiar to all of us.,(,define A as B,),The,separation,of aluminum,from,its ore,（,矿石）,was very difficult at that time.,(,separate A from B,),C,、,该“名词”来自于及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾”译法）,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,In this case,exposure,of the body,to,sunlight helps to overcome anemia,（,贫血）,and stimulate,（,刺激）,metabolism,（,新陈代谢）,.,(,expose A to B,),C,、,该“名词”来自于及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾”译法）,西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,The,resolution,（,分解）,of a force,into,x-and y-components is possible.,(,resolve A into B,),C,、,该“名词”来自于及物动词（“,A,”,为该名词的逻辑宾语；采用“动宾”译法）,A,comparison,of Eq.,(1-4),with,Eq.,(1-6),leads to the following relations.,(,compare A with B,),西安电子科技大学,2、习惯的搭配关系,2.1词汇搭配,*注意以下形式：,What is the date of the,discovery,of America,by,Columbus,?,“名词（来自及物动词）,of,A,（,逻宾。