黄浦区2018学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语 （满分140分，完卷时间120分钟） 2018.12Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say ___21___ toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before ___22___（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally ___23___（confess）to the crime.___24___ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars?“That's all you,”says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell.“That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from ___25___ of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, ___26___ countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an ___27___（early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who ___28___（use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures might show ___29___ people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove ___30___ an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?Section BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. measurement B. similar C. remarkably D. monetary E. astronomy F. alteredG. civilization H. defined I. independence J. invariably K. dominatedThe NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topaoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Ⅲ.。