动名词作主语[考点导航]It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _______ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having解析：答案为DHaving the answers ready是动名词在句中作主语的用法重点归纳】动名词是英语中动词的非谓语形式之一，起名词的作用，但是仍然保留动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等 动名词作主语的主要用法如下：1. 动名词直接放在句首作主语如：Taking more exercise will keep you healthy. 2. 动名词在“It is no use (no good, fun, a waste of time) 等 + 动名词”结构中作主语，it为形式主语如：It is no good writing to him; he never answers letters. It is no use complaining; the company won’t do anything about it.3. 动名词在“It is useless (nice, good, interesting, worthwhile) 等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。
如： It is good having a walk after supper. 4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中如： No smoking! (= No smoking is allowed!) 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语如： 有时可以在动名词前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，此时，该所有格作动名词的逻辑主语动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 动名词作宾语[考点导航]Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ____alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home. (2008湖南卷)A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived解析：答案为A本句考查动名词作宾语try doing sth意为“试着做某事”重点归纳】动名词作宾语主要有以下用法：1. 有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。
这样的动词有： admit 承认；excuse 原谅；practise 练习；appreciate欣赏；finish 完成；prevent 防止； avoid 避免；forbid 禁止； consider 考虑； forgive 宽恕；delay 耽搁；imagine 想象；deny 否认；resist 抵制；risk 冒险；dislike 讨厌；mind 在意；dread 害怕； miss 错过； suggest 建议；enjoy 喜欢；escape 逃避；permit 允许如： Will you admit breaking the window? 2. 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语这样的动词短语有： can’t stand 忍不住；can’t help 忍不住；feel like 想，欲；give up 放弃；put off 推迟，等如： He put off making a decision till he had more information. Do you feel like taking a walk? 3. 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后作宾语这样的介词短语有：instead of, look forward to, object to (反对), keep on, see about (料理,处理), take to (开始从事)等。
如： We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties.We are looking forward to coming to China. 4. 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词； be busy (in) + 动名词；waste time (in) + 动名词；lose time (in) + 动名词；There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中，动名词作介词宾语，in常要省去如： The children are busy doing their homework. There is no point (in) doing the simple experiment once again.5. 在复合宾语中，用it作形式宾语，将动名词短语放在后面如： I consider it a waste of time arguing about it. 6. 动名词完成式由“having＋过去分词”构成，表示发生谓语动作之前的动作。
如： I remember having locked the door when I left the office.7. 动名词被动式的用法： 当动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系时，动名词则要用被动式“being＋过去分词”如：He didn’t mind being left at home. This question is far from being settled. 注意：1) 在表示“需要”的动词need, want, require后接动名词时，习惯上要用主动式表示被动意义(但若用不定式，则用不定式的被动式表示被动意义)如：The outside of the house needs painting (to be painted). 2) 在be worth后接动名词时也要用主动式表示被动意义如：This might be worth thinking about. 不定式作宾语[考点导航]There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made解析：答案为B。
mean to do sth意思是“想，打算做某事”本句考查不定式作宾语重点归纳】不定式作宾语的主要用法如下：1. 以下动词后面只能接不定式作宾语：help, refuse, learn, demand, choose, expect, agree, plan, promise, offer, mange, pretend, fail, aim等如：He pretended to be friendly with me. 2. 当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后 Jim found it important to learn English well. 3. begin, continue, start既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词但是要注意以下两点：1）当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时，后跟动词不定式如：He is beginning to realize what a rough situation he was in. 2）begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时，后跟动词不定式。
如：As he grew older, he began to know what to do and what not to do.。