文档详情

形容词辨义(实用)

wt****50
实名认证
店铺
DOC
102.50KB
约17页
文档ID:34883623
形容词辨义(实用)_第1页
1/17

§10.1 形容词辨义 1.近义和近形形容词 (1)alike,similar alike意指“几乎同样”,常用作表语,不可直接放在名词前面;similar 则指“在很多方面相似,但不是全部”:be similar to(与…相似) a.(误)Mary and Ann are alike people in this respect. (应去掉people) b.All music is alike to Tom.各种音乐在汤姆听来都一样 (指没有鉴赏力) c.A is similar to B in many ways. (2)shameful,ashamed,shameless shameful意为“可耻的、丢脸的”,常用作定语表示主动意义,用以指事 物:shameful conduct(无耻行径);ashamed意为“羞耻的、惭愧的”,常 用作表语,表示被动,用来指人:be/feel ashamed to do sth.(对做某事感 到害臊),be ashamed of oneself(为自己感到害臊),be ashamed of(对…感到惭愧),be ashamed for sb.(替某人感到羞耻);shameless 用来指人,意为“不知羞耻的”。

a.I feel ashamed that have done so little for the people. b.Mr.Smith,I am sorry about what I said.I am terribly ashamed of my stupidity. (3)beloved,lovable beloved意为“心爱的”,用作表语时意为“为…所爱的”,用作定语时 意为“被热爱的”;lovable意为“可爱的、讨人喜欢的” a.Cornelia was Lear's beloved daughter. b.He is a lovable child. (4)capable,ablebe able to和 be capable of都是指“能够”,但前者的主语限于有生命 的事物,而后者无此限制be capable of褒贬都可以用,指经常性的现象, 但多数情况下指坏事;be able to多用于褒义,仅指暂时的现象 a.They are able to find their own food. b.We are not able to go for an outing day. c.He is capable of teaching English. d.The machine is capable of chopping any kind of meat in three minutes. (5)comprehensive,comprehensible comprehensive意为“综合性的”:comprehensive planning(全面规划) ,take a comprehensive view of the situation(通观全局); comprehensi-ble意为“可充分了解的”。

Tom passed his Ph.D comprehensive exam. (6)cultural,cultured,cultivated cultural指“文化的、文化上的”:cultural objects and historic monu-ments(文物古迹),cultural and educational work(文化教育工作); cul-tured意为“有教养的、有修养的”,用以形容人以及 city,community,nation等名词,一般与cultivated同义 China is a cultured nation. (7)dissatisfied,unsatisfied,unsatisfactory dissatisfied表示“(没有达到某种愿望或要求)不满意的”:be dis- satisfied with/at(对…不满或不平);unsatisfied表示“(没有得到足够 食物)不满足的”:be unsatisfied with(对…不满足或不满意);unsat- isfactory意为“不令人满意的”,和satisfactory一样,是非人称的形容词, 不能修饰人。

a.There was a dissatisfied look in his eyes. b.Both of us are very dissatisfied with his explanation. c.I ate only one hour ago,but my hunger is still unsatisfied. (8)distant,fatdistant常指“(关系)疏远的”:a distant relative(远房亲戚); far 意指“(场所)远的”:by far(修饰比较级或最高级,强调数量或程度 等,…得多、最…),far and away(大大…、无疑地、肯定地),far and near(远近、到处、四面八方),far and wide(到处、广泛地),far from(远离;远远不、完全不、非但不),in so far as(表示程度、范围, 就…、尽…),so far(迄今为止、就此范围或程度说来) a.He is one of my distant cousins on my father's side. b.He is by far the tallest among us. c.His explanation is clearer by far. (9)drunk,drunken drunk常做表语,意为“酒醉的、陶醉的、兴奋的”:be/get drunk(醉 了),be drunk with joy(陶醉于欢乐之中);drunken常做定语,意为“醉 的、酒醉的”:a drunken man(醉汉),in a drunken manner(摇摇晃晃地) 。

I used to be drunk all the time. (10)economic,economital economic意为“经济上的、与经济有关的”;economical意为“节约的、 节省的” a.The present economic situation in Italy is serious. b.I have to be economical because I don't have much money. (11)high,expensive,low,cheap high,low指价格的高低;expensive,cheap指东西的贵贱 a.Prices are very high/low. b.Things are very expensive/cheap. (12)full,filled be filled with与 be full of含义相同,意为“充满、挤满”,为惯用 语,注意所带介词不同 The stadium was full of/filled with people.(13)imaginary,inaginable,imaginative imaginary意为“虚构的、想象出来的”;imaginative意为“有想象力的” ;imaginable意为“可以想象的”。

a.We need facts.We cannot work on an imaginary case. b.The imaginative child made up fairy stories. (14)fun,funny fun意为“有趣的”;funny意为“好笑的、滑稽的”:get funny with(对…十分不敬) Nothing is so fun as watching a football game. (15)famous,notorious. famous意为“著名的”,表示广为人知或常受谈论,往往含有称颂之意: be famous for(以…著名);notorious意为“臭名昭著的”,表示由于不好 的事而出名:be notorious for(以…臭名昭著) a.The city is famous for its hot springs. b.He is notorious for dirty tricks. (16)opposite,opposed be opposed to意为“背叛、反对、对抗(意见、人)”等;be opposite to则表示“在…对面、与…相对”。

a.The whole town was opposed to the plan. b.Idealism is opposite to materialism. (17)respectful,respectable,respected respectful意为“尊敬人的”,表示主动意义;respectable意为“值得 尊敬的、受人尊敬的”;respected也表示“受人尊敬的”后二者表示被动 意义 a.You should be more respectful to your superiors. b.It's not respectable to drink in the street. c.A respected/respectable professor will come.(18)satisfied,satisfactory 其差别与dissatisfied和unsatisfactory之间的差别相同satisfied 修饰人,表示“感到满意的”;satisfactory修饰物,表示“令人满意的、合 乎要求的” a.The teacher was satisfied with the answer. b.This is not satisfactory. (19)sensitive,sensible sensitive意为“敏感的”;sensible意为“明理的”。

Don't tell him about what you think of him because he is very sensi-tive. (20)tasteful,tasty tasteful意为“高雅的、有鉴别力的、风趣的”,用来描述人或事物; tasty意为“好吃的、美味的”,用来描述食物 This meat is very tasty. (21)historic,historical historic意为“历史上出名的、有历史意义的”;historical意为“历史 的、与历史有关的” Waterloo is a historic battlefield. (22)healthful,healthy healthful意为“有益健康的”,用以描述事物;healthy意为“健康的”, 用以描述人 a.Having a walk after dinner is healthful. b.He is very healthy. (23)enviable,envious,jealous enviable意为“值得羡慕的、令人妒忌的”,往往有被动含义;envi-ous 意为“羡慕别人的、妒忌别人的”,含有主动意义:be envious of(羡慕或妒 忌的);jealous意为“妒忌的”,不含有羡慕之意:be jealous of(妒忌的) 。

a.He has an enviable school record. b.They are envious of our success. (24)exhausted,exhausting,exhaustive exhausted表示“感到精疲力竭的”,含有被动含义;exhausting表示 “使人精疲力竭的”,含有主动意义; exhaustive意为“彻底的。

下载提示
相似文档
正为您匹配相似的精品文档