宾 语 从 句一、 考点、热点回顾(一) 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容 词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句 that 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语 和非正式文体中 可以省略 例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn't know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.① 在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时从句谓语动词尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式(又叫否定前 移)例： I don 't think you are right. ( 我认为你做的不对 )② 在许多带有复合宾语的句子中， that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用 it 做形式宾语例： We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone ( 我认为他向每一 个人撒谎是错误的 )2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中 充当某个成分例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don't know why the train is late. 特殊情况：①当 do you think 后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为”引导词＋ do you think ＋陈述句语序”②当主句谓语动词是 find ， see ，watch ，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋ 宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式 如：She found that the wallet was lying on the ground.f She found the wallet lying on the ground.③ 当主句谓语动词是 hope，wish ，decide ，forget ，plan ，agree 等，且主句主语 与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.fShe agreed to help me with my maths.④ 由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一 个人时，可以用“疑问词 +不定式 ”做宾语的简单句结构go on the 只用 whether . next.例： I don 't know what I should do next.I con ' t know what to do next.He didn ' t know where to live.3.由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句if 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否如： Iwant to know if (whether)he lives there.Heasked me whether (if) Icould help him.、，、*注意：一般情况下， whether 和 if可以互用，但有些情况例外He didn ' t know where he would live.例a. 当从句做 介词的宾语 时只用 whether 不用 if 例如： We are talking about whether we'll b. 引导词与 动词不定式或 or not 连用时， 例如： Please let me know what to dopinic.Could you tell me whether you go or not? c. if 当如果讲时 , 引导的是条件状语从句 , 这时 不能用 whether.if 和 when 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。
因此，遇到它们就要认真分 析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副如：If it rains tomorrow, I won ' t come. （时间状语从句）I don ' t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为 陈述句的语序 例如：I hear (that)I think (that) Can you tellphysics isn 't easy.you will like thisme how I can get toschool zoo?soon.Please tell me when we' ll have the meeting.三)宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态如： Idon't think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tel l me how I can get to the railway station ?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态 （一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时统称为过去时态）。
一般过去时态 过去进行时态 过去将来时态一般现在时态———— 现在进行时态———— 一般将来时态————例如：Heaskedwhat time it was.Hetoldme thathe was preparingforthesports meetHeaskedif youhad written toPeter.Hesaidthat hewould go backto theU.S.soon.现在完成时态————过去完成时态般过去时态————般过去时态（句中有明显的一般过去时态的标志词时）过去完成时态3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时 例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.（四） 宾语从句的人称： 一随主，二随宾（如主句没有第三人称，就改为第一人称），第三人称不更新 解析： 1、 如果从句的主语是第一人称，合成宾语从句后，人称与主句的主语保持一 致2、如从句的主语是第二人称，合成宾语从句后，人称与主句的宾语保持一致， 如果主句没有宾语，就改为第二人称。
3、第三人称不用变化二、典型例题【活学活用】（一）、 用合适的连 接词 填空1. Wang Hai told me he didn ' t go cycling yesterday afternoon.（howwhy）2. Can you tell me else is going to be on duty today（who whom）3. She said _it wouldn ' t matter much.（that if）4. He always thinks he can do better.（how who）5. I really don ' t know the bridge will be finished.（how longhow soon）6. They don ' t know we are going hiking.7. She wanted to know her coat would be ready the next day.8. I was really surprised at I saw.9. I don ' t know so many people crowding round him10. Do you know shirt it is（二）、句型转 换1. When does the train arrive Please tell me.（ 改为 宾 语 从句 ）f Please tell me .2. What does he do? Do you know ? （ 改为 宾 语 从句 ）f Do you know he 3. Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys. （ 改为 宾 语 从句 ）f He asked the boys they fried chicken.4. Was the watch made in Shanghai .I don 't know. （ 改为 宾 语 从句）f I don 't know the watch made in Shanghai.5. “Do you want to try something new ” Toms mother asked him. （ 同义 句）f Toms mother asked him to try something new.6. I think this is a good idea. （ 改为 否定句 ）f I this a good idea.7. Lucy hasn 't decided which trousers to buy.（ 改为 复 合句 ）f Lucy hasn 't decided buy.8. I don 't know how I can get to the hospital.（ 改为 简 单 句）fI don' t know ___ to the hospital.（三）、【中考链接】1.YourT-shirt is socool.Could youtellme ?A.whereyou buy itB.where doyoubuy itC.whereyou bought itD. wheredidyou buy it2.Excuseme .Could youtellme Icanet to theSpace Museum? --Of course. You can take bus No.1.--Maybe900 yuan.I 'mnotquitesure.A. howmuch shepaidforB.how much will she pay forC. howmuch。