TranslationUnit11.The Temple of Heaven (天坛) is the largest intact alter temple(坛庙) of China. The Temple of Heaven used to be a place where emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties worshiped and offered sacrifices to Heaven（祭天）to pray for good harvests and fine rain（五谷丰登、风调雨顺）.译:天坛是中国现存最大、保存最完好的坛庙是明清两代皇帝每年祭天、祈祷五谷丰登、风调雨顺的地方2．The Fragrant Hill（香山） looks very much like a censer（香炉）, often girdled (环绕) by wisps of spiraling (缭绕) mist as if it were giving out incense-smoke hence it was called the “Censer Hill”(“香炉山”). Later, it was shortened as the “Fragrant Hill”.译：香山因其形状似香炉，周围常常云雾缭绕，看起来犹如香烟弥漫。
因此人们便称之为香炉山，简称香山3.The Beihai Park (北海公园) is located to the west of the Jingshan Park (景山公园) . The existence of the park can be traced back to the mid-eleventh century when a temporary royal residence named “Yaoyu”(瑶屿) was built here during the Liao Dynasty.译：北海公园位于景山公园的西面，早在 11 世纪中叶，辽代就在这里建立瑶屿行宫4.故宫（Former Imperial Palace）,也称紫禁城（Purple Forbidden City） ，位于北京市的中心，是明清两朝的皇宫译：Located in the center of Beijing, the Former Imperial Palace , also known as the Purple Forbidden City , was the royal palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties.5.天安门广场(Tiananmen Square ) 位于北京市的中轴线（central axis）上，是北京的标志性建筑（symbolic architecture）.译：Located on the central axis of Beijing, the Tiananmen Square is the symbolic architecture of Beijing.6. 颐和园（ Summer Palace）是清朝皇家用的避暑行宫（summer resort）, 是中国现存规模最大、保存最为完好的古代园林建筑。
译：Being a summer resort of the Qing royal family, the Summer Palace is the most intact ,the best preserved and the largest of its kind of the classical gardens in China.Unit 21. The Qiao’s Compound (乔家大院) occupies an area of some 8724 square meters and consists of 6 main courtyards（大院） , which house 20 minor ones.译：乔家大院占地 8724 平方千米，分 6 个大院，内套 20 个小院2.The sculptures of Yungang Grottoes absorbed (吸取)the India Buddhist art and developed traditional Chinese sculpture art（雕刻艺术）.译：云冈石窟雕刻吸收了印度佛教艺术，发展了中国传统雕刻艺术。
3.Of all the Temples of City God (城隍庙) in China, the one in Pingyao is unique(别具一格) because it is made up of three different temples.译：在中国的城隍庙中，平遥城隍庙别具一格，由三个不同的庙宇组成4.五台山是中国四大佛教名山（famous Buddhist Mountain）,文殊菩萨（Manjusri Bodhisattva）的道场译：Mount Wutaishan is one of the four famous Buddhist Mountains in China, where Manjusri Bodhisattva performed the Buddhist rites.5.云冈石窟（Yungang Grottoes）是中国三大石窟群（cave clusters）,位于大同市（Datong City ）以西约 15 公里译：Yungang Grottoes, one of the three major cave clusters in China, is located about 15 kilometers west of Datong City.6.平遥城墙上有观敌楼（watchtower）72 处，垛口（battlement ）3000 个，据说代表孔夫子贤人七十二，弟子三千。
译：According to the legend, the 72 watchtowers of the city wall of Pingyao represent 72 people of great wisdom; the 3000 battlements represent the 3000 disciples of Confucius.Unit 31.Mount Taishan was known in ancient times as Daishan(岱山 ) and revered as the East Sacred Mountain (东岳) in the Spring and Autumn Period (春秋时期)译：泰山古称岱山，春秋时期被尊为东岳2.The scenic area boats of 22 groups of ancient architectures ,97 ancient remains (古遗址)，819 commemorative stone tablets (碑碣) and 1800 inscribed rocks.译：景区现有古建筑群 22 处，古遗址 97 处，历代碑碣 819 块，历代石刻 1800 余处。
3. A large number of scenic spots were given names since ancient times, They include 112 peaks, 18 rock caves(岩洞), 102 streams and valleys (溪谷)，56 pools and waterfalls(潭池瀑布)，64 springs.译：许多景点自古得名山峰有 112 座，岩洞 18 处，溪谷 102 条，潭池瀑布 56 处，山泉 64 处4.曲阜（Qufu ）位于山东省中部，泰山之南公元前 11 世纪为鲁国（ the State of Lu）都城，也是儒学(Confucianism)的始祖（founder）孔子的故乡译：Located south of Mount Taishan in central Shandong Province, Qufu was the capital of the State of Lu during the 11th century BC and also the home of Confucius, the founder of Confuciasm.5.蓬莱阁（Penglai Pavilion）在山东半岛（Shandong Peninsula）蓬莱市丹崖山上，离烟台（Yantai City）约 70 公里。
据说秦始皇曾遣方士（alchemist）到此求长生药（longevity herbs）.译:Penglai Pavilion, or Pavilion of Immortals, is located on Mount Danya in Penglai City of Shandong peninsula, approximately 70 kilometers from Yantai City. It is said that Emperor Qin Shihuang once sent his alchemists to come here to seek the longevity herbs.6.铜亭（Bronze Pavilion）又名 “金阙”（Jin Que or Golden Tower） 铸工精细，造型优美，反映了我国古代工匠冶炼（metallurgy）技术和翻砂工艺（casting technique）的高超水平译：Bronze Pavilion is also known as Jin Que , or Golden Tower. Its splendid craftsmanship and beautiful shape reflect the high level of metallurgy and casting technique attained by ancient Chinese craftsmen.Unit 41. Situated on the southern bank of the Yellow River(黄河)，the city of Kaifeng(开封) covers an area of 350 square kilometers . It was one of China’s six great ancient capital cities (古都) with a history of about 3000 years.译:开封市位于黄河南岸，面积 350 平方公里，是我国 6 大古都之一，有近 3000 年的历史。
2. The ancient city of Luoyang(洛阳) is known as the “Capital lf Nine Dynasties” (“九朝古都”).Luoyang today is not only a cradle of the ancient culture ,but also a newly-emerging industry city(新兴工业城市)，as well as a tourist resort which allures(吸引) tourists from both at home and abroad.译：古都洛阳以“九朝古都”闻名于世如今的洛阳不仅是古代文化的摇篮，而且是一个新兴工业城市，也是吸引中外游客的旅游胜地3. Anyang(安阳 ) is known as China’s capital of ancient civ。