现在完成时学苗学到四肺无力01•意义：9个字已完成 持续性影响性已完成指现在看来.已经完成的事情我作业写完啦!I have finished my homework!持续性指动作发生在过去’并持续了一段时间畏叫Tcnyr 他10年前搬进这个小区，至今有10年了.曲头贯找我景彳B向性指动作发生在过去，并对现在产生影响因为我丢了钱包，所以现在没有钱回家，得问你要钱錢.Tony has lived here for ten years.托尼在这儿住了 10年I have lost my wallet, Can you lend me 10 bucks?我钱包丢了借我10块好伐?02•结构从上面3个例句，可见现在完成时的结构:用have还是has，就看主语是单数还是复数原则是保持：主谓一致下面，根据提示，将下列句子变为现在完成时1) We (discuss) this issue a few times.2) Tom and Jerry (know) each other since they were at primaryschool.3) Dad (just take) the medicine.4) She (not hear) from him.5) you (see) Tony today?03.常用时间状语及其位置[for + 一段时间】指持续了一段时间。
since +过去的时间点/过去的事件】指从过去的某个时间点，一直延续到现在forsincea period of timea point in past time20 minutes6tL5pmthree daysMonday6 monthslanuajy4 years19942 centuries1800□ longtimeI left school注：ago“多久之前”，只能用于一般过去时>> already/ jus t/ st ill 的俺置观察例句，总结规律：I have already finished my homework.已经I have just finished my homework.刚刚l|still have not finished my homework.仍然I haven^t finished my homework yet仍然Have you finishedlyour homework yet?仍然alreadyjust位于havg doneZ间用于肯定句still位于haw dotiE之前用于否定句F位于句末用于否定句、錢问句>>现在完成时不跟过去具体时间连用体会一下：□ /have walked the dog.我遛过狗子了。
可以表示：你不用再遛啦〜I have walked the dog yesterday.昨天我已经遛过狗子1） 表示过去某个时间发生的事情，只能用「一般过去时」：I walked the dog yesterday.我昨天遛了狗子仅仅表达昨天、我、遛狗这件事，和现在没有关系）2） 如果是未完成的时间，比如today, this year, this month, this week这 类，可以用「现在完成时」I have walked the dog twice today.今天我遛了狗子两次today是还没有结束的时间，用have done表示“已 完成”）04.难点1） have been & have gonehave been"去过”have gone"已经去了，还没有回来”>> Tony has been to Japan twice.托尼去过日本两次可能是去拜师学艺）>> Tony has gone to Japan.托尼已经去日本了下次再来剪头，托尼这会不在呢！）>> Where have you been ?你去哪儿了？（你已经回来）>> Where have you gone ?你去哪儿了？（你不在身边）2）短暂性动作 _持续性动作“短暂性动作，就是很短暂的、一瞬间就结束的动作，不能持续一段时间。
比如起床get up，眼睛一睁，起床的动作就完成了；再比如 die，断气的一 瞬间就死透了相反，可以延续的动作，比如你可以不带喘气地打3小时王者、跑5公里路、 写8000字论文、睡到第二天下午 这些play, run, write, sleep 等动作, 就是持续性动作在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用（因为短）：X Tony has arrived in Japan for a few days.下飞机那刻就算到了，不跟for…连用X The woman has left since her husband was sent to prison.跑路也就是买个票走人的事情，短暂性动作，不跟since…连用X My rabbit has died for a week.die指断气的那一瞬间，不跟for…连用表示一段时间的状态，必须用持续性的动作所以，上面的句子应该改为：Tony has been in Japan for a few days.The woman has been away since her husbandwas sent to prison.My rabbit has dead for a week.在现在完成时里，短暂性动词 j延续性动词，有几组常用的，必须背的啊: arrive f have been heredie f have been deadleave f have been awayfinish f have been overborrow f have keptbuy f have had课后练习提醒：现在完成时、一般过去时均有。
建议拿出纸笔写下答案，做完后统- 对答案Mary Morris (apply) for her passport last month because she willsoon be leaving on a trip that she (dream) about for many years.She (work) as a receptionist at Ardmore's Travel Agency for tenyears. All this time, she has been looking at pictures of exotic places on the wall and planning trips for others. For this reason she (decide) to takean overseas trip herself.After she (plan) her trip, she (make) her planeflights and (reserve) hotel rooms. Mary doesn't have to pay forher plane tickets because she (work) at the travel agency for solong.She (want) take this trip for a long time, but each year her boss (cancel) her vacation because someone else (be) on vacation or someone (quit).Mary (hear) about many exciting vacations over the years. Herboss, Ben, (go) to Japan, Kenya, Alaska, France and Moscow lastyear. Meanwhile, Mary (only see) these exciting places inphotos! After looking at her boss' travel pictures, Mary (decide)to take a trip of her own.。