1句法知识之简单句并列句和复合句简单句1. 六种基本句型基本句型分解:英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:1）主+谓（SV） I work.2）主+系 +表（SVP） Things are getting better. She turned doctor.3）主+ 谓 +宾（SVO） She studies English.4）主+ 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾（ SV Io. Do.） My mother bought me a new dress. 5）主+ 谓 +宾 +补（SVOC） I saw him come into the house yesterday.另外：There be 句型 2. 练习：判断下列句子属于何种句式1）You are sitting on the train home.2）Here comes the bus !3）The ego’s potential for expansion is limitless.4）There existed a nation in the ocean.5）Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.6）We think it our duty to study well.7）No body is here.8）He passed me a cup of tea.9）Tom doesn’t know the pop star. 10）My mother stays at home. 11）The milk tastes good.12）The car caught fire. 13）The teacher has told me the fact. 14）He is reading a book. 15）He gave me a lecture yesterday. 16）She is very friendly.17）I can swim. 18）I have had a good time. 19）I found him talking. 20）This English book is very interesting.3. 更正下列句子的错误1）He came the room. 2）The music sounds. 3）I have seen. 4）He gave a pen me. 5）The boss made the boy to work hard. 6）My father bought a book to me.Keys：1）He came into the room 22）The music sounds wonderful 3）I have seen the film.4）He gave a pen to me. 5）The boss made the boy work hard. 6）My father bought a book for me. 4. 五种基本句型的推导：1) 英语句子必须有谓语动词。
他像他爸爸He is like his father. 这本书值得一读The book is worth reading.我反对你的意见I’m against you.2)一个句子内有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外） ，其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语 他给我一些水喝He gave me some water to drink.5. 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：1）我经常在早晨读英语 2）玛丽是个聪明的学生3）我的老师交给我一封信 4）我母亲经常叫我努力学习5）我们叫我们的老师王先生 6）他正在房里做家庭作业Keys:1）I often read English in the morning. 2）Mary is a clever student. 3）My teacher gave me a letter. 4）My mother often asks me to study hard. 5）We call our teacher Mr. Wang. 6）He is doing his homework in the room.并列句复合句1. 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子就叫并列句。
2. 四种类型1）由 and, not only …but also…, neither…nor…, then…连接，表同等概念He can not only repair radios but also fix them Not only do the nurses want a pay increased, but also they want reduced hours. 2）由 either…or…, or, otherwise 等连接，表选择Either she leaves or I will. 3）由 but, still, yet, however, while, when, whereas, nevertheless 等连接，表转折My mother likes coffee while my father likes tea. 4）由 so, for, therefore 等连接，表因果He found it difficult to read, for his eyes were failing. ３. Exercises ：注意逻辑关系1）Give him an inch he’ll take an ell. A. but B. and C. for D. so 2） did the students dance, their teacher sang. A. Neither… or… B. Either …or…C. Both…and… D. Not only…but also…3）Feathers fall to the ground slowly stones fall much faster. A. and B. while C. but D. yet 4）We must get up early tomorrow, we’ll miss the first bus to the Great Wall.A. however B. but C. or D. so 5）He worked hard, he failed. 3A. while B. and C. so D. yet6）I thought we’d be late for the concert, ______ we ended up getting there ahead of time.7）Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, _____you will learn a lot about firefighting.8）They were surprised that a child should work out the problem __ they themselves couldn’t.9）I was just about to lie down to rest _______I saw a snake in the grass.Keys: BDBCD, but, and, while, when４．句子的连接和标点符号1）句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大写。
My name is Tom. I am five.2）分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不大写Tom is five; he studies in a primary school.3）引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号Tom said, “The movie Titanic is wonderful!”４）重点：逗号的运用Ａ．逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句） ，定语（从句） ，同位语（从句）插入语等请为下列句子加上逗号1) Since he is ill he is absent.2) To save class time our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.3) Polar bears live mostly on sea ice which they use as a platform for hunting seals. Keys： 1) Since he is ill，he is absent.2) To save class time，our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.3) Polar bears live mostly on sea ice，which they use as a platform for hunting seals. Ｂ．逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。
I am five, and I study in a primary school.5. Translate the sentence. (注意标点）我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了书就出了教室When I came into the classroom, I saw him reading. I took my book and went out, without interrupting him.主从复合句包括名词性从句（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句） ，定语从句，状语从句主语从句When we shall meet again hasn’t been decided yet.What he did was all for his country.That she is good at music is known to all.宾语从句They told me that he could speak German.I know what you really mean.I have forgotten where I left the key.表语从句The problem is whether you can do it yourselves.That is why we are going to help them.4That was how she won the first prize.同位从句The news that they had succeeded encouraged us.The question whom we should serve must be discussed.I have no idea when he will be back.定语从句The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.This is the house where he lived ten years ago.I’ll never forget the day when I met that。