主位推进与应用文写作,盐城工学院大外部陈建祥,选题原因,一、根本原因（个人研究能力，证明，证伪） 二、《大学英语课程教学要求》 三、大学生的实际写作能力,根本原因,一、个人研究能力 二、引进，证明，证伪 三、理论的实际应用,大学英语课程教学要求,《大学英语课程教学要求》根据各地区和各高校之间的差异，将教学要求分为三个层次：一般要求，较高要求和更高要求一般要求即对全国所有高校学生的要求一般要求对书面表达能力做出了具体规定：能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历，观感，情感和发生的事件，能写常见的应用文，内容完整，用词恰当，语意连贯，掌握基本的协作技能一般要求不仅是对学生语篇写作能力习得的显性要求，更是预设了教师必须能够高屋建瓴地把握语篇的表层结构特征和深层结构特征的隐性要求大学生实际写作能力,在实际写作教学过程中，不少作文基本上没有明显的语法错误，读起来总觉得仍有问题，比如，意思表达不够清楚，语篇组织松散教师批改此类作文时难以对问题的性质作出准确的判断和分析，往往只能给出“别扭”、“没有条理”、“不连贯”、“模糊不清”等本身就很含糊的评语（孙梅琳，1996）其实，这里所讲的问题已经超越了语法层次，属于语篇层次上的问题，一方面反映了学生语篇构造能力的欠缺，另一方面也反映了大学英语教师对语篇结构的认识仍然有待提高。
主位的分类,主位推进的作用 主位述位的界定 主位述位的划分,主位推进的作用,主述位理论是语篇功能三大子系统（主位结构，信息结构和衔接系统）之一，通过主位结构的分析，可以了解句子的结构如何表达句子所要传递的信息及其线性排列规律分析主位推进模式有助于了解作者的行文思路、语义意图及组织语句的手段，从而更有利于探索句子组合与内容之间的关系主位述位的界定,主位往往是句子的第一个成分，说明谈话的主题，是小句信息的起点因此，主位是话语的出发点、对象或基础；述位则是围绕主位逐步展开的，是对主位的叙述、描写和说明，是话语的核心内容主位述位的划分,单项主位（simple theme） 复项主位（multiple theme） 句项主位（clause as theme）,单项主位,单项主位是指句子的主位只体现概念功能，人际功能，和语篇功能这三大元功能中的一种，不能再切分成更小的功能单位一般来说，单项主位体现为名词，名词短语，副词短语，或介词短语 The day before yesterday (T), I came across one of my former classmates. From house to house (T) I wend my way. The slender girl (T) kept smiling all the time.,复项主位,复项主位不但是一个结构性的概念，也是一个功能性的概念。
可以进一步内分为语篇主位（textual theme）、人际主位（interpersonal theme）和话题主位（topical theme），三种功能主位可能同时出现，也可能出现其中的某一种功能缺失的现象 Conversely, possibly, females felt more at ease responding to a non-specific female address. On the other hand maybe on a weekday it would be less crowded.,句项主位,当一个句子含有两个或两个以上的小句呈并列关系或主从关系时，首先出现的整个小句构成句子的主位，而小句内部还可以进行进一步的主述位分析 What he said constitutes a threat to me. If time permits, Mr. Smith will go angling together with his colleagues this Saturday. When the bell rang, he was taking a shower.,主位推进模式,a）后一句重复前句的主位，即第一句的主位继续成为第二句的主位，可以表示为Ｔ1→Ｔ2。
The film we saw last night (T1) is a comedy. It (T2) made us laugh now and then. The novel you borrowed from the school library (T1) is overdue now. It (T2) should be returned at once.,主位推进模式,b）从前句述位内容的某一部分发展为后句新的主位，可以表示为R1→Ｔ2 At the airport, a policewoman stopped the smuggler (R1). He (T2) was asked to show his passport. The slender girl kept smiling all the time (R1). Her smile (T2) suddenly stiffened.,主位推进模式,C）前句中主位和述位的内容结合起来产生一个新的主位，可以表示为T1+R1→Ｔ2 Jack (T1) paid a visit to the South America rainforest (R1). His exploration (T2) turned out to be very fruitful. The enemy (T1) tried to get some information from her (R1). However, their attempt (T2) was frustrated.,主位推进模式,d）前句的述位直线延续为后面几句的主位，可以表示为T1→R1，T2（R1）→R2，T3（R1）→R4…。
Mary (T1) likes living in a private house better than in a dormitory for a number of reasons (R1). The first reason(T2/R1) is that she has more privacy in a home. The second (T3/R1) is that it is easy to study in a private home. The third (T4/R1) is that she can keep a cat at a house.（黄国文，1988：85）,应用文案例分析,Dear Manager,It is regretful for me to write this letter to make a complaint against a male shop assistant about his rude behavior.[1]Yesterday, I went to your shop to buy a microwave oven for my friend as a wedding present. [2] Many colors of ovens dazzled my eyes. [3] Then I turned to a shop assiatant for help. [4] He came up to explain very briefly their functions. [5] I asked whether i could buy a blue one at a discount of 80%. [6] He refused abruptly, become very angry and stared at meas if he was going to beat me. [7] Certainly the deal was not done.Please give your prompt reply about this.Yours sincerelyWang Li,应用文案例分析,T1-----------------------R1T2---------------------R2T3-----------------------R3T4------ --------------R4T5----------------------R5T6--------------------R6T7-----------------------R7,,,,,,应用文案例分析,Dear Manager,It is a regret for me to write to make a complaint to you against a shop assistant concerning his rude attitude during my shopping in your supermarket yesterday.[1] I intended to buy a microwave oven as a wedding present to my best fried. [2] Many sorts of microwave ovens with different colors are displayed, ranging in price from $300 50 $1000. [3] It was very difficult for me to determine to buy which one, so I asked the assistant numbered 0210 for help. [4] At first he was somewhat kind. [5] Suddenly he flared up when I asked about the functions of the type, asked me whether I intended to find faults with him and left with some swear words.As a regular customer, i can't tolerate this porr service and this runs counter to the social prestige of your supermarket. I hope you can attend this affair soon and avoid the recurrence as such. Sincerely yoursChen Feng,应用文案例分析,T1-----------------------R1T2---------------------R2T3-----------------------R3T4------ --------------R4T5----------------------R5,,,,,结 语,主位起着统领语篇组织形式和逻辑结构的作用。
主位推进模式将语言形式的演进与语言内部句与句之间意义的衔接紧密结合，进而扩展至对通篇文章主题思想的延伸和推进，最终完整准确地呈现翔实的语篇内容从教学的角度来看，主位推进模式容易理解，便于掌握，将其运用于写作教学，不仅有利于学生段落写作能力的提高，而且有利于提高他们谋篇布局的能力。