完整word)最新2013版自考英语二精讲讲义Unit 1— A Critical Reading（批判性阅读）1. critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2 non—fiction n. 纪实文学3 position n 观点；态度;立场4 statement n. 说明；说法;表态5. question v 表示疑问；怀疑 out of question / out of the question 毫无疑问 / 不可能的 补： in charge 管理；掌管 in the charge 由…负责；由…管理（被动）6 evaluate v. 估计；评价;评估7. context n 事情发生的背景,环境，来龙去脉8 value n values [pl]是非标准；价值观 valuable invaluable=priceless 无价的; valueless = 无价值的9. represent v 描述；表现 representative adj./n.10 assertion n 明确肯定；断言11 sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 sufficiency insufficient 不够的；不充分的 in—：否定前缀12。
statistic n. statistics ［pl.］统计数字；统计资料13 integrate v.（使）合并,成为一体14 authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/the authority on sth authorize15. compare v. 比较;对比 compare A with B 把A和B进行比较 compare A to B 把A比成B.（打比方）16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材17 consistent adj. 相符的;符合的18. inconsistency n 不一致19. assumption n. 假定；假设20 case n. 具体情况；事例 in case 万一；以防；（用一般时） in case of fire 万一发生火灾; in case of 万一发生 in case that… 万一发生…情况 a case in point confirmed/suspected cases 确诊病例/疑似病例21 directly adv. 直接地；径直地22. identify v。
找到;发现23. valid adj 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 validity n. 有效性，正确（性） invalid 无效的；有病的24 credible adj. 可信的；可靠的 = believeable incredible=unbelievable 不可信的；25. landmark n.（标志重要阶段的)里程碑26. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 relevancy n 关联；恰当 irrelevant27. current adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. appropriate adj 合适的；恰当的 inappropriate It’s (not) appropriate that …. + 虚拟语气29. bias n 偏见；偏心；偏向30 considerably adv. 非常；很;相当多地 consider considering 介词、连词 鉴于；考虑到; considerable 相当…的； considerate 体贴；考虑周到的; consideration n. 考虑31 Democrat n. （美国） 民主党党员，民主党支持者民32。
Republican n （美国）共和党党员,共和党支持者33. reflect v 显示；表明;表达34. informed adj 有学问的；有见识的 well—informed 博学的； ill—informed 无知的；Phrases and Expressions1. apply to 使用；应用2. put forth 提出；产生3. take … into account 考虑到；顾及4 accept/take … at face value 相信表面；信以为真5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地some time ：一段时间； sometime :某个时间sometimes :有时； some times : 次数；倍数Critical Reading（批判性阅读） 1.①Critical reading applies to non—fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是） understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句） 2。
Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours ②Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours ③In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author ② Or， you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. ③In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author。
3.Question assertions made by the author. Don't accept what is written at face value Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made Look for facts, examples， and statistics that provide support承上句） Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities. 4. Compare what is written with other written work on the subject ④Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies， carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. （承上句) 5。
Analyze assumptions made by the author. ⑤Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases， the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions承上启下句） Once you identify an assumption， you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. 6.Evaluate the sources the author uses In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example， Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics。
Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry承上句） Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current(启下句）. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics. 7 Identify any possible author bias. ⑥A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Demo。