15. complicatingcondition并发状态16. socioeconomic condition社会经济状态17. altered metabolism代谢改变18. malabsorption吸收不良19. nutrition assessment营养评估20. a nutrition-focused history营养相关病史21. a physicalexam体格检查22. anthropometrics人体测量23.laboratory measurements实验室检查24. Medical and dietary history医疗及饮食史25. weight changes within6 months6个月内体重改变营养相关英文词汇小站Chapter 58 Assessment of NutritionStatus and NutritionRequirements营养状态评估和营养需求1. Nutrition assessment 营养筛查营养评估14.disease state2. undernutrition 疾病状态营养不足3. overnutrition营养过剩4.inadequate nutrition intake营养摄入不足5.impairedabsorption of nutrients营养素吸收障碍6. vitamins维生素7. trace elements痕量元素8. a deficiency in protein and calories蛋白或能量摄入不足9. protein-energy malnutrition蛋白-能量营养不足10. marasmus (deficiency in totalintake or nutrient utilization)消瘦、衰弱(总摄入或营养利用不足)11. kwashiorkor(relative protein deficiency)夸休可尔症(蛋白相对不足)12. mixed marasmus-kwashiorkor混合型13. Nutrition screening26. dietary intake changes饮食摄取改变27. GI symptoms消化系统症状28. functional capacity运动耐量29. lean body mass(LBM)净体重(去脂体重)30. essential fattyacid deficiencies必需脂肪酸缺乏31. proportions of the human body人体成份32. weight体重33. stature身长34. head circumference (for childrenyoungerthan3 years of age)头围(<3岁的孩子)35. waist circumference腰围36. measurements of limb size四肢测量37. skinfold thickness皮肤褶厚度38. midarm muscle上臂肌39. wrist circumferences 腕围40. bioelectrical impedanceanalysis (BIA)生物电阻抗分析法41.ideal weight理想体重42. fluid status液体状态43. Unintentional weightloss非刻意体重丢失44. Ideal body weight标准体重45. adequate nutrition足够的营养46. appropriate rate of growth生长速度适宜47. stature身长48. head circumference头围49. growth velocities生长速度50. the average weight gain forinfants婴儿每日体重增长51. term infants足月儿52. preterminfants早产儿53. Body mass index (BMI)体重指数54. frame size身形55.indicativeof overweight意味着超重(BMI>25 kg/mA2)56.indicative of undernutrition意味着营养不良(BMI<18.5kg/mA2)57. skinfoldthickness皮肤褶厚度58. subcutaneous fat皮下脂肪59. midarmmuscle circumference上臂肌围长60. skeletal muscle mass骨骼肌重量61. waist circumference腰围62. abdominal fat content腹部脂肪含量63. fat tissue脂肪组织64.lean tissue瘦体组织(非脂肪组织)65. resistance to conductivity电阻系数66. bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)生物阻抗分析67. semistarvation半饥饿68. acute stress急性应激69.immune status免疫状态70. Totallymphocyte count总淋巴细胞数71. nutritiondepletion营养耗竭72. cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions皮肤高敏反应试验73. mumps腮腺炎74. Candida albicans白色念珠菌75. Trichophyton毛癣菌76. Anergy无反应77. severe malnutrition严重营养不足78. nutrition repletion营养恢复79. nutrition repletion微量元素80. Clinical syndromes临床症状81. zinc锌82. copper铜83. manganese锰84. selenium硒85. chromium铬86.iodine碘87. fluoride氟化物88. molybdenum钼89.iron铁90. Single vitamin deficiencies （uncommon）单一维生素缺乏（少见）91. multiple vitamin deficiencies多种维生素缺乏92. Essential fatty acid deficiency（rare）必需氨基酸缺乏（罕见）93. prolonged lipid-free parenteral nutrition持续使用无脂肪添加的肠外营养94. very-low-fat enteral formulas or diets肠内营养配方或饮食中脂肪含量低95. severe fatmalabsorption严重的脂肪吸收不良96.linoleic acid亚油酸97.linolenic acid亚麻酸98.oncoticpressure胶体压99. anabolic steroids合成代谢激素100. Transferrin转铁蛋白101. cortisone可的松102. testosterone睾酮103. Prealbumin前白蛋白104. Carnitine肉碱105.lysine赖氨酸106. methionine蛋氨酸107. premature infants早产儿108. carnitine-free diets缺乏肉碱的饮食109. recommended dietaryallowances推荐膳食供给量（RDA）110. Food and Nutrition Board食品与营养委员会111. dietary reference intakes膳食营养素参考摄入量112. Daily energy requirements每日能量需求113. energy metabolism能量代谢114. basal metabolicrate基础代谢率115. fever发热116. sepsis菌血症117. major surgery大手术118. trauma创伤119. burns烧伤120.long-term growth failure长期生长发育不全121. bronchopulmonary dysplasia支气管肺发育不全122. congenital heart disease先天性心脏病123. cystic fibrosis囊肿性纤维化124. resting energy expenditure静息能量消耗125.indirectcalorimetry间接量热法126.metabolic gas monitoring气体代谢监测127.oxygen consumption氧气消耗128. carbon dioxide production二氧化碳产生129. resting energyexpenditure(MREE,kcal/day)静息能量消耗130. respiratory quotient呼吸商131.overfeeding过度喂养132. ketogenic diet生酮膳食133. fat gluconeogenesis脂肪糖异生134. ethanol oxidation乙醇氧化135. usual recommended daily proteinallowances一般情况下，每日蛋白摄入推荐量136. metabolic stress代谢应激137. thenitrogen in a 24-hour urinecollection (UUN)24小时尿素氮138. Nitrogen output氮排出量139. GIlosses消化道丢失140. fever发热141. sweating大汗142.increased fluid requirements液体摄入增加143.kidney or cardiac failure肾或心功能不全144.hypoalbuminemia with starvation饥饿造成的低蛋白血症159.magnesium镁145.decreased fluid requirements液体摄入量下降160.phosphorus磷146.Fluid status液量评估161.calcium钙147.monitoring urine output监测尿量162.drug-nutrient interactions。