哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 - I - 摘 要 饮用水水源微污染问题的加剧，饮用水标准的提高以及人民对饮用水要求的严格，使得以去除水中悬浮及胶体物质为主，以出水的浊度、色度和细菌总数为工艺控制主要目标的传统水处理工艺越来越难以确保饮用水的安全因此，水的深度处理及引进管道直饮水技术显得尤为必要 针对东营新区的自来水特点，研究了砂滤/活性炭滤柱/微滤/超滤组合的水处理装置来处理城市供给的自来水详细阐述和分析了该装置的特点以及设计参数，分析了装置各部分的出水水质；研究了砂滤/活性炭滤柱/超滤膜的清洗情况；对装置进行经济性分析和适用性分析 确定了活性炭的吸附饱和时间约为 16 小时；SL-2 颗粒活性炭的吸附能力优于另外两种炭样影响组合工艺 CODMn处理效率最关键的因素是膜的工作压力，其次是活性炭的滤速，最后是整个工艺的回流水率得出活性炭滤速在15m/h，超滤膜工作压力为 0.9MPa，回流水量为 40%时，整个工艺的处理效果最佳 在稳定运行试验期间，进水浊度为 0.57~1.88NTU，出水的浊度平均为0.09NTU，出水 CODMn平均为 0.69mg/l，出水亚硝酸盐浓度低于 0.001mg/L。
出水细菌数为 0 cuf/ml，出水大肠杆菌数为 0 个/L 采用砂滤池预处理有效的延长了活性炭工艺的工作周期及超滤膜的使用寿命，它的工作周期为 12 小时，活性炭的工作周期为 20~25 天进行反冲洗可以保证良好的处理效果 砂滤滤料滤柱采用气水反冲洗，参数为气冲洗强度 14L/（m2· s） ，时间2min；气水联合冲洗时气冲洗强度 14L/（m2· s） ，水冲洗强度 3L/（m2· s） ，时间4min；最后水力反洗时冲洗强度为 5.5L/（m2· s） ，时间 10min活性炭滤柱采用水力反冲洗，强度为 5L/（m2· s） ，时间 10min膜过滤采用死端过滤方式，物理清洗采用水力反冲洗，先正洗 1min，再用膜渗透水反洗 2 min，最后再正洗1 min，试验前一个月每 2 h 反洗一次，以后每 1h 反洗一次当水反冲洗效果不明显时采用化学清洗，化学清洗试剂采用 0.01mol/LHCl+0.01mol/LNaOH 或0.01mol/L HCl+0.01mol/L NaOH+300mg/L NaClO，恢复效果均比较明显 经过经济分析得出每升水的成本只有 0.025 元左右，并可以提供优异的水质。
在投资期内，可创造利润 4968 万元投资价值十分可观 关键词： 直饮水；超滤；活性炭 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 - II - Abstract With the micro-polluted problem of the drinking water resource intensifying, the improvement of drinking water standards and people's requirements for the drinking water, the conventional water treatment process, which aims mainly at controlling turbidity, chroma and total bacteria, is increasingly difficult to ensure the safety of drinking water. Furthermore, the factors such as economic conditions, the safe drinking water technology of city does not apply to small towns and so on, are hampering seriously the economy of small towns and social comprehensive development. The problem of drinking water treatment in Chinese small cities and towns is particularly prominent. Therefore, it is necessary to study and develop the drinking water treatment. According to the characteristics of small towns, the thesis design and develop the filtration-granular activated carbon adsorption-ultrafiltration water treatment to treat municipal water. The thesis describes in detailed and analyses the characteristics, the design Parameters. In this operating and test conditions, the average turbidity of effluent was 0.09 NTU, the the average ammoniate nitrogen was 0.001mg/L, the average CODMn was 0.69 mg, the bacteria was 0 cuf/ml, the proportion of removal was 100%; the E.coli removal was 0/L, the proportion of removal was 100%. The effluent water examined by the apparatus reached the national drinking water standards. Ceramic filter’s anti-cleansing cycle was 10~12h and used gas-water anti- cleansing. Granular activated carbon’s anti-cleansing cycle was 20~25 days and used hydraulic anti-cleansing. Ultrafiltration membranes used dead-end filtration, physical cleaning method used water anti-cleansing. In the test, ultrafiltration membranes physical cleaning cycle was 2 hours in first month, then once every hour. At first month and third month, ultrafiltration membranes were cleaned with chemical, and used two different chemical reagents, but the effects very significant. The investment cost of apparatus was 0.025 yuan/L, and the benefit is 49.68 million yuan in the operating period. The economic analysis is great. Keywords: filtration, granular activated carbon, UF 哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文 - III - 目录 摘 要 ..................................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 绪 论 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 管道直饮水的优势和必要性 ..................................................................... 1 1.1.1 传统供水方式存在的缺点 .................................................................. 1 1.1.2 传统直饮水方式的缺点与担忧 .......................................................... 3 1.1.3 管道直饮水的优势 .............................................................................. 3 1.1.4 管道直饮水的必要性 .......................................................................... 4 1.2 国内外管道直饮水处理技术现状 ............................................................. 5 1.2.1 活性炭工艺技术 .................................................................................. 5 1.2.2 膜分离技术工艺 .................................................................................. 6 1.3 课题研究的目的与主要内容 .................................................................... 11 1.3.1 课题研究的目的 ................................................................................. 11 1.3.2 课题研究的主要内容 ......................................................................... 11 第 2 章 东营新区管道直饮水工艺与装置 ........................................................ 12 2.1 工程概况 ................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 东营新区概况 ..................................................................。