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初中语法解释及例句41761

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初中语法大全 一、一般时态 1 、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态, 常和副词usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等连用例如: 1)The moon moves round the earth.. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由 after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及 if,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时例如: 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. (3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go ,come ,start,depart ,arrive ,begin ,leave 等。

例如: 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由 why,what,where,whoever ,who,that,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时例如: 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切 过去时间的词、短语或从句连用例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作例如: 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. ( 注意与 be used to doing 短语的区别) 3. 一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。

例如: I shall graduate next year. 2)几种替代形式: 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情例如: I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情例如: He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态例如: The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与 now,right now,at the mother ,for the time being,for the present 等连用。

例如: Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与 always,continually,forever,constantly等连用例如: My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词 常用的有: go, come, leave, start, arrive ,return 等例如: They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice ,look,appear,( 表示感觉的词) ;hate,love,fear ,like,want,wish,prefer ,refuse ,forgive(表示感情的动词) ;be,exist ,remain ,stay ,obtain( 表示存在状态的动词) ; have ,possess, own,contain , belong ,consist of , form(表示占有与从属的动词) ;understand,know ,believe,think ,doubt,forget ,remember(表示思考理解的动词) 。

但是如果它们词义改变, 便也可用进行时态例如: 1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him? (look 在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look 在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”) 2. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与 always ,continually,constantly 等动词连用例如: 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3. 将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等例如: 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4.完成进行时 ( 现在、过去、将来) 完成进行时是( 现在、过去、将来) 完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。

三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作它可分为: 1.现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的, 刚刚完成的动作( 常与 yet, already, just连用) ,或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况( 常与 for,since连用) 例如: 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有: since, for, during, over 等引导出的短语; 副词 already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently 等;状语词组 this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等例如: 1)I haven’t been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978. (3) 完成时态可用在下列结构中: This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。

如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时例如: (1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2. 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用 by,before 等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成例如: 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词 expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。

例如: I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是: 1)was / were + to have done sth,例如: We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如: I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时例如: Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。

例如: No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时例如: The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 3. 将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after 等加上表示将来动作的句子等例如: 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4.完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时。

(1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻例如: I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it. (2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻例如: It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. (3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻例如: By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 四:时态一致 1 、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.” “There’s a lot of excitement on the street.” “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?” 2 、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态 He said he was writing a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3 、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。

例如: The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注:在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时 4 、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况 利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则例如: We insisted that we do it ourselves. 动词的语态 语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态) 1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语 (1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词( 包括短语) 容易引起误用。

如: appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of (2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态 一.动词 be(is,am,are)的用法:说明身份,年龄,状态等 口诀:我(I)用 am, 你(you)用 are,is 跟着他(he),她(she),它(it) 单数名词用 is,复数名词全用 are 变否定,更容易,be 后 not 加上去 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃还有一条须注意,句首大写莫忘记 be 动词的用法: be 动词包括“am”, “is”, “are”三种形式 第一人称单数(I)配合 am 来用 句型解析析:I am+… I am a student. I am a boy. 第二人称(You)配合 are 使用 句型解析:You are+… You are my good friend. You are a good person. 第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合 is 使用。

句型解析:She(He, It) is +… She is a good girl. She is so cute. 人称复数 (we /you/they)配合 are 使用 句型解析:We (You, They) are +… We are in Class 5,Grade 7. You are good students. 注意: 1 综合解析当使用 be 动词的时候,前面请先加上第几人称 be 动词前面的人称,是不可随意替换的例如: I am, You are, She is,并不会出现 I is, You am, She are 这样的情形 2 当只有第一人称和第二人称或第三人称时应该把第二人称或第三人称放在前 例如:you and I, Tom and I 当第二人称和第三人称放在一起时把第二人称放在前面, 例如:you and Tom 当三者都有时,排序为:2 3 1 例如 you, Tom and I 练习:1. Where ______ Ann . She ______ here. 2. How old ______ you . I ______ thirteen. 3. ______ you Mr Read . Yes, I ______. 4. What ______ your name. My name ____ Ann 二 情态动词 Can 1 can 作“ 能、会” 解,否定式是 cannot,缩写为 can’t。

“ can+动词原形” “ can’t+动词原形” :表示某人能做或不能做某事 Can 是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化 Can 表示的” 能力” 为现在的能力,而不是过去或将来的能力 1). for ability 表示能力例如: —Can you write in English? —Yes, I can. I can run fast,can you? 2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示获得的知识或技能例如: —Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她会说日语吗?不,她不会 3). indicating permission 表示许可例如: Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的报纸吗? Can I take you home?我送你回家行吗? We can’t wear jeans at work.我们上班时不准穿牛仔裤 4). indicating requests 表示要求例如: Can you help me with this box?你能帮我弄这个箱子吗? Can you feed the cat?你喂喂猫好吗? 5). indicating possibly 表示可能性。

例如: That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.那不可能是玛丽—她住院了 He can’t have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得着觉 There’s someone outside—who can it be?外面有人—会是谁呢? 6). used to make suggestions 用以提出建议例如: We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的话,咱们可以在饭馆吃饭 I can take the car if necessary.必要时我可以开车去 三 情态动词 Would 1 Would 是 will 的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的"意志"、"愿望"和 "决心"等 如:I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告诉彼得我要跟他一块去 2 would 用来表示现在时间时时,不论是表达说话人本身的意志或向对方提出请求,均较 will 婉转如: Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒吗? Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop? [注]在日常会话中,I would like to 和 I should like to 都可以说,I would like 的简略式为 I'd like。

如:yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to Yes, very much. Sorry, ai already have an appointment. 3 Would 还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作 I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我发现退休的人经常到公园里下棋 When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.当他有个问题要解决时,他总是想办法一直到找到答案为止 练习: 1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_A___. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not 2 The children___ play football on the road. A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must 3 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try 4 Excuse me. ___ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 5 ___ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do 6 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, ___. A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do 四 “there be”句型 There be 句型主要用以表达“ 某处(某时)有某人(某物)。

” 其基本结构为“There be +某物(某人)+某地(某时)” 其中 there 是引导词,没有词义;主语是be 后面的名词, be 是谓语动词,在一般现在时中 be 只用 is 和 are 两种形式 There be 句型中的 be 动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀: Be 动词,有三个,am,is 还有 areThere be”真特别,不留 am 只留俩,那就是 is 还有 are要用is 还是 are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用 are如: ①There is a tree behind the house. ②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子). ③There are some pears in the box. (3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由 and 连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么 be 的形式要遵循“ 远亲不如近邻” 的原则也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用 is,是复数就用 are如: ①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor. 肯定句:there is an apple on the table 否定句:there isn't an apple on the table. 一般疑问句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is. / No, there isn't 特殊疑问句:what is there on the table. 1. 定义:There be 句型表示某处存在某物或某人。

2. 结构: (1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语. (2) There are +复数名词+地点状语. there 是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be 要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致 ① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟 ② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生 ③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩,一个女孩 3. There be 句型与 have 的区别: (1) There be 句型和 have 都表示“ 有” 的含义区别如下:There be 表示“ 某处存在某物或某人” ;have 表示“ 某人拥有某物/某人” ,它表示所有、拥有关系 eg. ①He has two sons. 他有两个儿子 ②There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。

(2)当 have 表示“ 包括” 、“ 存在” 的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换 ①A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天 4 变脸一:否定句 There be 句型的否定式的构成和含有 be 动词的其它句型一样,在 be 后加上 not 或 no 即可注意 not 和 no 的不同:not 是副词,no 为形容词,not a/an/any + n. 相当于 no+ n.例如: There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree .=There is no bike behind the tree. 5 变脸二:一般疑问句 There be 句型的一般疑问句变化是把 be 动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为\"调整法\"。

但同时要注意:当肯定句中有 some 时,要将其改为 any(否定变化也一样)看看下面两句是如何\"改头换面\"的吧: There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water? 6 变脸三:特殊疑问句 There be 句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化: ① 对主语提问:当主语是人时,用\"Who\'s+介词短语?\";当主语是物时,用\"What\'s + 介词短语?\"注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用 be 的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)如: There are many things over there. →What's over there? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room? ② 对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用"Where is / are+主语?\"啦!例如: There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer? There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children? ③ 对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构: How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语? How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语? 练习: 五 “have got” 六 序数词 七 一般现在时 一般现在时: 1) 它表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。

e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等 e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理,表示格言或警句中 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 一 其结构按正常语序,即“ 主语+谓语+其它” ,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前. 二 其句式变化可分为两种情况 1)表示动作, 一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词 don’t;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 do They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2) 单三人称做主语的, 变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t; 变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well? 含有 be 动词的要在 be 上做变化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student. Is Danny a good student? 三 其时间状语为 often、 usually、 always、 sometimes 等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。

做题时常见错误如下: 一、be 动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中 例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring. 解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“ 我们是在春天植树” 这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be 是表状态,do 是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“ 英汉语言有差异,be 、do 不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记 二、单三人称形式易出错 例:1 He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案:1 plays 2 goes 解析:1 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把 y 换成 i 再加 es;2 与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以 o 结尾的词要加 es. 三、在句式变换时易出错 例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China. 答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live 解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“ 见助动,用原形” 。

此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中 e.g. He didn't go home yesterday. 四、对 do 的理解易出错 例:We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案:don’t do 解析:do 是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“ 做,干” 此句中给出的 do 指“ 做,干” ,not 指把此句变为否定句,故 须在 do 前加助动词 don’t 五、对主语的数判断有误 例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is 解析:表面一看是“ 我和李明两个人在北京” ,但 with 在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用 is. 另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时 练习: 1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital. A work works B works work C work are working D is working work 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat. A have B there is C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow. A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain 4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 6 Jenny____ English every evening. A has study B studies C study D studied 答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B 1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit. 2 _____your sister_____(know)English? 3Her home____ _____ ______(远离 )her school. 4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much. 5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day? 6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming? 7 ______she_____(do) the housework every day? 8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play) games in the afternoon . 答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look 5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play 补充知识点: 一.this,that 和 it 用法 (1)this 和 that 是指示代词,it 是人称代词。

(2)距离说话人近的人或物用 this, 距离说话人远的人或物用 that如: This is a flower. 这是一朵花近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西,先说 this, 后说 that如: This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔那是一支铅笔 (4)向别人介绍某人时说 This is…, 不说 That is… 如: This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而 That is 可以缩写如: This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车那是一辆轿车 (6)打时,介绍自己用 this, 询问对方用 that如: —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗? —Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是谁? 注意:虽然汉语中使用“ 我” 和“ 你” ,但英语中打时绝不可以说: I am…, Are you… ?/Who are you? (7)在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时, 要用 it 代替 this 或 that。

如: ①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗? —Yes, it is. 是的,它是 ②—What’s that? 那是什么? —It’s a kite. 是只风筝 二. these 和 those 用法 this, that, these 和 those 是指示代词, these 是 this 的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事; those 是 that 的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床那是莉莉的床 ② These pictures are good. 那些画很好 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗? 在回答主语是 these 或 those 的疑问句时,通常用 they 代替 these 或 those 以避免重复 ④ Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗? Yes, they are. 是的,他们是 三.不定冠词 a 和 an a 和 an 都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块……) 的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词。

a 用在辅音素开头的单数名词前,如:a pencil(一支铅笔),a book(一本书); an 用在元音音素开头的名词前,如 an eraser(一块橡皮)如果名词前有修饰语, 用 a 还是用 an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用 a 还是用 an如: a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书 a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果 四. 名词+’s 所有格 名词+’s 所有格 单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ” Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈 以 s 结尾的复数名词,只加“’” Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书 不以 s 结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“ ’s ” Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes 男式鞋 表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s 表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’s Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈) Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子) 五.like 一词的用法 like 用作及物动词,译为“ 喜欢” 。

(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物如: I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩 (2)后接动名词(v. -ing),表示“ 喜欢做某事” ,着重于习惯、爱好如: Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球 (3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示“ 偶尔地喜欢做某事” ,着重于某次具体的行为如: I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视 六.句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素 (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即 I→ we, you→ you,she,he,it→ they She is a girl. → They are girls. (2)am,is 要变为 are如: I’m a student. → We are students. (3)不定冠词 a,an 要去掉如: He is a boy. → They are boys. (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式如: It is an apple. → They are apples. (5)指示代词 this,that 要变为 these,those。

如: This is a box. → These are boxes. 七.英语日期的表示法 英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词 用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开 如:August 2nd,2003(2003 年 8 月 2 日) 也可以用日+月+年来表示 如:10th May,2003(2003 年 5 月 10 日) 英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词 on ① She was born in 1989 ② She was born in August. ③ She was born in August 1989. ④ She was born on 2nd August, 1989. 八. 时间的表达法 (1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字 7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen (2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分以 30 分为分界线) 1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five (3)12 小时制 6:00 a.m. 上午 6 点 8:20 p.m. 下午 8 点 20 分 (4)24 小时制 13:00 13 点钟 22:15 22 点 15 分 (5)15 分可用 quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six (6)时间前通常用 at. at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m. 九 关于时间的问法 (1)以 when 提问,“什么时候” 可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点 ① When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候? ② My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是 12 月 29 日。

这里就是指一天的时间段 ① When do you go home? 你几点回家? ② I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午 4:30 回家. 这里 when 问的是具体的时间 (2)具体几点我们通常用 what time 提问 ① What time is it now? 现在几点了? or What’s the time? 几点了? It’s 9:26. 现在九点二十六 ② What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了? It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minutes late 8:36,哦,它慢了 50 分钟 ③ What time do you get up? 你几点起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上 6 点起床 十 名词复数: 在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun) 不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用; 可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用 a 或 an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下: (1) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记: child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer (2)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”: book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons (3)以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的词+“es” box→boxes,watch→watches (4)以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es” family→families,comedy→comedies (5)以 f 或 fe 结尾的词,先去掉 f 或 fe,改成“v”再加 es knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves (6)不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc. 十一 want 用法 (1)想干什么用 want to do sth They want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。

(2)第三人称单数作主语,want 要作变化 ① He wants to play basketball. ② Li Xia wants to play the piano. (3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词 do 或 does. ① -Do you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I don’t. ② -Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , he doesn’t 十二 人称代词 主格: I we you she he it they 宾格: me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs 。

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