文献信息文献标题：Form and Colour—Two Basic Elements of Design（形式与色彩——设计的两个基本元素）文献作者：S.Saleem Ahmed，B.Gurumoorthy文献出处：《Research into Design for Communities》,2017,2:893-902字数统计：英文 3004 单词，15932 字符；中文 5516 汉字外文文献Form and Colour—Two Basic Elements of DesignAbstract There is no consensus among the designers and design educators on the number of design elements. For well over 100 years of formal design education, design students are trained to use varying number of elements in their pursuit of designing products. In the design literature, there are different sets of design elements mentioned for the purpose of designing products. This inconsistency has often led to confusion among design students and designers about what really are the elements. This paper is an attempt to bring some clarity to this state of confusion. This also explains why there are varying number of elements used by designers and how one can expand the basic elements of design, Form and Colour, into varying number of elements for meeting their purpose. Results of this study will help designers to make use of the popular method of designing with more clarity and customize it to suit one’s requirements.Keywords: Design elements, Design principles, Form, Colour1.IntroductionThere is no consensus among the designers and design educators on the number of design elements. According to Lauer, who wrote a book on Design Basics, “no two designers will ever agree on the same list of design elements and principles or on which are which”. There has not been any work on finding why there are many design elements and principles. So, this gap is partly being filled up through investigation on the design elements in this paper.Chapman, while describing the process of designing, stated that, “When artists plan their work, they must see and think about the elements and principles of design. The elements of design are: line, shape, color, texture, and value (light and dark). Artists also use ideas known as principles of design to plan their work. A principle of design is a guide for relating the visual elements. Some principles of design are: balance, rhythm, proportion, pattern, unity and variety.”For well over 100 years of formal design education, design students are trained to use varying number of elements in their pursuit of designing products. In design literature, there are different sets of design elements mentioned for the purpose of designing products. This inconsistency has often led to confusion among design students and designers about what really are the elements. This paper is an attempt to bring some clarity to this state of confusion. This also explains why there are varying number of elements used by designers and how one can expand the basic elements of design into varying number of elements for meeting their purpose.Elements and Principles Approach to design has been the method used widely by art and design educators throughout the world since the beginning of 20th century. Kim in her studies on the history of design theory in art education observed that, “the elements and principles of design have taken a firm place in various art curricula, textbooks, and national and state Visual Arts Standards” and she concluded that, “I do not expect that design elements and principles will disappear as aspects of art education in the fore-seeable future, or that their disappearance would be desirable”.Nowadays the boundaries of the domain of design are fast expanding and many new branches of design such as interaction design, web design, and app design are being introduced. It is important to adapt the existing elements and principles method to suit the needs of the newer branches of design.2.OverviewWorks of 12 authors who have majorly contributed to the field of design education since the beginning of 20th century have been considered. The design elements proposed by them have been analyzed. In this paper, attempts have been made to find why there has been no consensus and find out if there are any universal design elements possible. These have done by defining the design elements, criteria- check on the proposed elements, and categorizing the accepted design elements based on their function/nature/characteristics. Form and Colour are the basic design elements that finally emerge out of the analysis. The results are discussed and the recommendations for application to different branches of design are suggested.3.Assumptions and MethodsWhen people engage with products, it is typically a multi-sensory experience. In addition to product’s visual form, other product qualities like tactile, auditory, sometimes olfactory and gustatory are also used in a product experience. However product’s visual form is considered particularly important for the following reasons:(a)Vision is the dominant sense for majority of the people.(b)Vision is a sense that is effective over distance and bec。