小学 1~6 年级语法知识点梳理 ▐ 资料如下 陈述句 (1) 肯定句 是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子 例： I’m a student. / She is a doctor. / He works in a hospital. / There are four fans in our classroom. / He will eat lunch at 12:00. / I watched TV yesterday evening. (2) 否定句 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子 例： I’m not a student. / She is not (isn’t) a doctor. / He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. / There are not(aren’t) four fans in our classroom. / He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. / I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening. 2 疑问句 一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes ”或“no ”来回答。
特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what 、where 、who 、which 、when 、whose 、why 、how等)开头引导的句子此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes“或”no ”来回答 3There be 句型 There be句型与 have(has)的区别： 1.There be句型表示：在某地有某物(或人) 2.在 there be句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用 is；主语是复数，be 动词用 are ；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近 be 动词的那个名词决定 3.there be句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not ，一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首 4.there be句型与 have(has) 的区别：there be表示在某地有某物(或人)；have(has)表示某人拥有某物 5.some和 any 在 there be句型中的运用： some用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑问句 6.and 和 or 在 there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7.针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语? 8.针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What ’s + 介词短语? 4 特殊疑问句讲解 1.问“是谁”用 who 问：Who is/is going to be/will be/was there? 答：人名 例：—Who is there? —Ben. 2.问“什么”用 what （1）问经常吃什么 问：What does he/she/it eat? 答：He(She/It) eats 食物名/食物名 例：—What does Janet eat? —She eats bread. / Bread. （2）问经常吃什么 问：What do we/you/they eat? 答：We(You/They) eat 食物名/食物名 例：—What do your parents eat? —They eat dim sum. / Dim sum. （3）问正在做什么。
问：What...doing? 答：... doing + 做的事情/ Doing + 做的事情 例：—What are they doing? —They are swimming. / Swimming. （4）问将要做什么 问：What will/be going to do? 答：... will/be going to do + 做的事情 例：—What is the girl going to do? —She is going to go back home. / She will go back home. （5）问过去做了什么 问：What did ... do? 答：... 动作的过去式 例：—What did you do yesterday? —I did my homework. （6）问现在/过去时间 问：What time is/was it? 答：It is(was) +时间 例：—What time is it? —It is 7:30. / 7:30. （7）问现在/过去是星期几 问：What day is/was it? 答：It is(was) +星期几。
/星期几 例：—What day is it today? —It is Thursday. / Thursday. —What day was it yesterday? —It was Thursday. / Thursday. （8）问现在/过去的日期 问：What is/was the date? 答：It is(was) +日期 例：—What is the date today? —It is August 2nd. / August 2nd. —What was the date yesterday? —It was July 3rd. / July 3rd. 3.问“在哪里”用 where 问：Where...? 答：... + 地点 例：—Where will they go tomorrow? —They will go to Beijing. / Beijing. 4.问“什么时候”用 when 问：When...? 答：On+ 日期/星期几/ At+ 点钟/In + 年（月、季节） 例：—When will the boy come back? —He will come back on Saturday. / On Saturday. 注意：如果时间词的前面有 yesterday、tomorrow、last 、next 、this 、t hat 等，则不要用 in/on/at. 例：They can finish it tomorrow. 5.问“怎样”用 how （1）问身体状况。
问：How are/is...? 答：Fine, thanks. （2）问交通方式 问：How ... get there? 答：By + 交通工具，或者回答 On foot 例：—How did you go there? —By bus. 6.问“数量”用 how many 和 how much （1）问：How many +名词复数...? 答：数量 例：—How many pupils are there inyour class? —41. （2）问：How much +不可数名词 ...? 答：数量 例：—How much water is there in the bottle? —About half a bottle. 7.问“价格”用 how much 问：How much is/are ...? 答：价格 例：—How much are the apples? —Fifteen yuan a box. 8.问“年龄”用 how old 问：How old ...? 答：年龄 例：—How old is your father? —He ’s 42. / 42. 9.问“是谁的”用 whose 问：Whose ...? 答：姓名’s。
例：—Whose dog is this? —Miss White’s. 10. 问“哪一个”用 which （1）问：Which ...? 答：The one ... 例：—Which boy is your friend? —The one in white. （2）问：Which sport does he/she ...? 答：运动名称 例：—Which sport does he often do? —The long jump. （3）问：Which sport did you/he/she/they like ...? 答：运动名称 例：—Which sport did they like? —Running. 10. 问“为什么”用 why ，用 because回答 （1）问：Why do/did you/they ...? 答：Because + 原因 例：—Why did they come back late? —Because the bus was late. （2）问：Whydoes/did he/she ...? 答：Because + 原因。
例：—Why does she look happy? —Because she got a gift. 。