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什么是助动词.doc

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一、什么是助动词1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English.他不喜欢英语doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing. 他在唱歌He has got married. 他已结婚b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England. 他被派往英国c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:I don't like him.  我不喜欢他e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会He did know that.  他的确知道那件事。

3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would二、It's for sb.和 It's of sb.1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, rightIt's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了3.for 与of 的辨别方法:用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for如:You are nice.(通顺,所以应用of)He is hard.(人是困难的,不通,因此应用for)三、so、such与不定冠词的使用1.so与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。

如:He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.2.such与不定冠词a、an连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”如:It is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.四、Other及其用法Other 及其相近的词(组),如 others, the other, the others, another, any other 等,一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题,平常的考试、作业中经常出错下面是它们的一些用法:1、other 指其余的人或物,所有格是 other's,复数形式是 others,the other 指“两个人或物中的另一个”,其复数形式是 the others,others 相当于“other + 名词”,所以不能充当定语,修饰名词others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分,但不是全部的,即 some...others (一些...其余的人...)the others 强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部,即some...the others.2、another 泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个”。

由 an 和 other 合并构成,所以不能和冠词连用another 修饰单数名词,比如:another pencil. 3、any other 指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”,后面要用名词的单数形式五、使用-ing动名词的几种情况1.在一些特殊结构中l have problems/some trouble/difficulty(in) doing sth.l have a good(great) time doing sth.l have fun doing sth.l enjoy oneself doing sth.如:We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.2.在介词后面如:Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.3.在以下结构中:enjoy doing sth  乐于做某事finish doing sth完成做某事feel like doing sth                 想要做某事stop doing sth                      停止做某事forget doing sth                    忘记做过某事go on doing sth                     继续做某事remember doing sth                  记得做过某事like doing sth   喜欢做某事keep doing sth 一直做某事keep sb doing sth                   使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth                   发现某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth         看到/听到/观看某人做某事try doing sth                       试图做某事need doing sth                      需要做某事(物作主语)prefer doing sth                    宁愿做某事mind doing sth                      介意做某事practise doing sth                  练习做某事be busy doing sth                   忙于做某事can't help doing sth                禁不住做某事miss doing sth                      错过做某事六、with的几个用法1.with表“和、同、与”。

如:Can you go to the park with me?       你能和我一起去公园吗?2.with表“用、以、被”如:    Don't write with the red pen.不要用那支红色的钢笔写字3.with表“随着”如:Climate varies with the time of the year. 气候随着时令的不同而不同4.with表“带有、有......的”如:The girl with long hair is my classmate.   长头发的女孩是我的同学5.with表“因为、由于”如:They were angry with hard work.    他们因为艰难的工作而生气6.一些with结构:play with             与......一起玩be patient with 对......有耐心be angry with          对......生气talk with             与......交谈get on well with       与......相处融洽七、特殊疑问句:wh-questions: what, who, where, when, which, whose, why, whom等。

特殊疑问句的构成及用法:结构:特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句, 即:特殊疑问词+be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语(+其他)疑问代词:1) Who:谁做主语,用来指人 Who is the boy under the tree?2)Whom 谁,做宾语,用来指人 Whom are you writing to?3) Whose 谁的,用来指所属关系,如果做定语,一般后接名词 Whose pen is this?4) Which 哪个,哪些,用来指对人或物在一定范围之内进行选择 Which grils will in the sports meeting? Which pen is Lily’s?5)What什么,通常指物,也可指人,一般用在没有指出范围的情况下 What can you see in the picture? What are you doing now?疑问副词:When:何时,询问时间 When will she come back?Where何地,询问地点, Where do you come from?Why为什么,询问原因, Why are you late for school?How 如何,询问手段、方式、工具以及程度等 How do you usually go to school?How old多大,询问年龄,How old is Jim’s little brother?How many/much多少,询问数量 How many birds are there in the tree?How far多远,询问距离, How far is it form your home to school?How long多长,多久,询问时间的长度或距离 How long will you stay in Beijing?How often多长时间按一次,询问频率 How often do you go to see your grandparents?How soon多久,询问时间 How soon will you come back?how tall多高,询问表示某人或某物多高,不是单指人的,这个高是一种客观意义上的how high多高,可以表示价格,或跳多高,这种是会浮动的how wide多宽how deep多深。

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