ⅠFill the blank*Definition of Translation In the light of popular orientation 方向, 目标: translation is to express (sth spoken or esp. written) in another language or in simple words. 1、Translation is a kind of cross-language, cross-culture communication by transferring the meaning carried by one language and its culture into another language and its culture 翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动2、Translating consists in reproducing 复制; 重现 in the receptor 受体 language the closest natural equivalent 相等的 of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 所谓翻译, 是指从语义到文体, 在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息, 首先是意义上的对等, 其次是风格上的对等3、Translating is rendering 翻译 the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. 4、Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified 详述；指定 according to the intended or demanded function of the target text.翻译是创作使其发挥某种功能的译语文本。
它与其原语文本保持的联系将根据译文预期或所要求的功能得以具体化Basic concepts of Skopostheorie1、Skopos is a Greek word for “purpose”.2、According to Skopostheorie, the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose of the overall translational action3、To say that an action is intentional is to presuppose 预先假定 , 假设 the existence of free will and a choice between at least two possible forms of behaviour. One form of behaviour is nevertheless 仍然, 然而, 不过 held to be more appropriate than the other in order to attain 实现, 达到 , 得到 the intended goal or purpose. 4、We can distinguish between three possible kinds of purpose in the field of translation: ①the general purpose aimed at by the translator in the translation process (perhaps “to earn a living”)②the communicative purpose aimed at by the target text in the target situation (perhaps “to instruct the reader”)③the purpose aimed at by a particular translation strategy or procedure (for example, “ to translate literally in order to show the structural particularities of the source language”) Nevertheless, the term Skopos usually refers to the purpose of the target text5、 The top-ranking rule for any translation is thus the “Skopos rule”, which says that a translational action is determined by its Skopos; that is, the end justifies the means.6、The landmarks of the German School of functionalist translation theory。
7、Taking equivalence as her basis……8、Translation cannot be considered a one-to-one transfer between languages. Within the …9、What is needed is a theory of culture to explain the specificity of communicative situations and the relationship 10、In the framework of this theory, one of the most important factors determining the purpose of a translation is the addressee, who is the intended……Vermeer makes no mention of the source text11、In Skopostheorie, e quivalence means adequacy to a Skopos that requires ……12、That is, the concept of equivalence is reduced to “functional equivalence” on the text level of …… 13、Equivalence is a static 不发展的, 静止的, result-oriented concept……14、Functions of practical writing: Informative function Expressive function Aesthetic 审美的 function Vocative 呼唤的 functionAdvertisingAdvertising is the non-personal communication of information usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature about products, services or ideas by identified 认出, 识别 sponsors 赞助, 发起 through the various media.Ⅱ.Translate the following brand namesSony 索尼 Kodak 柯达 Gillete 吉列(razor) Philips 飞利普 Addidas 阿迪达斯 Rolls Royce 劳斯莱斯 茅台 Mautai 潘婷 Pantene 北京 Beijing Nescafe 雀巢 Playboy 花花公子熊猫 Panda 大白兔 WhiteRabbit 小天鹅 Little Swan 钻石 Diamond 长城 Great Wall Caco-cola 可口可乐 Dove德芙 Olay 玉兰油 护舒宝 Whisper Kingway 金威 Johnson’s 强生 Colgate 高露洁 Signal 洁诺 Pepsi Cola 百事可乐 Future Cola 非常可乐 Midea 美的 Benz 平治(香港)朋弛(台湾)奔弛 BMW 宝马 Ricoh 丽确 厘确 Rank Xerox 悉录 索牌 Solid Seven-up 七喜 True 唇真 纯真 真彩 Goldlion 金利来 Nike 耐克 雪碧 Sprite 清扬 Clear 舒肤佳 Safeguard 汰渍 Tide Avon 雅芳 Poison 百爱神 OMO 奥妙 The aesthetic effect should be taken into consideration.芳芳 Fangfang Fragrance 芳草 Fragrant Grass 小白象(童鞋)Pet Elephant 藕粉 Powder/Pudding 轻身减肥片 Slimming Pills 海尔 Haier 海信 Hisense 马戏扑克 Maxipoker 金鸡牌闹钟 Golden Rooster Cultural element sometimes has to be consideredPractice罗莎 Rosa李宁 Lining 安踏 Anta 光明 Bright 老板 Boss太阳神 Apollo皇冠 Crown 蜂花 Bee & Flower自由鸟 Free Bird自然美 Natural Beauty乐凯（胶卷）Lucky来福（补品）Life 四通（电脑）Stone 回力（球鞋）Warrior捷安特（自行车）Giant穗宝（床垫）Symbol 美丽岛（地板 Merryland新科 Shinco康佳 Konka格力 Gree长虹 Changhong 美菱 Meiling Audi 奥迪方正 Founder梅赛德斯 Mercedes波音飞机 boeing雀巢 Nescafe联想 Lenovo爱华 Aiwa王朝牌葡萄酒 Dynasty博士 Doctor“飞鸽”牌 Flying PigeonⅢ.Translate the following Chinese advertisement into English.1、买一送一 Buy one and get one free.2、机不可失，失不再来 It’s now or never3、心动不如行动 Action is better than emotion. 4、百闻不如一尝。
Tasting is believing5、给您一个新的选择 A new choice for you.6、人带梅花，准时乐道 （梅花牌手表）Give the plum to all and to all a good time.7. 百思得立即购 Best let’s go8. 穿上“金鞋” ，足下生辉GOLDENSHINE, shines your way9. 上海中华铅笔：品质优良，书。