育明教育中国考研考博专业课第一品牌育明教育中国考研考博专业课第一品牌2017 年北京林业大学翻译硕士专业考研必读信息育明教育全面解析育明教育全面解析2014 北京林业大学 MTI 专业课真题回忆版今年大纲有所变化，各个题型的分值也相应变化211 翻译硕士英语】1.选择题（30’）：难度适中，今年有很大一部分是词汇辨析题，形近词等，语法题不多，复习的时候可以借鉴其 他学校的真题2. 阅读理解（40’）其中两篇阅读理解是选择题，一篇内容是说宪法问题另一篇记不清了反正这两篇阅读不难后两篇阅读理解题型是问答题，一篇内容介绍各个国家的教育模式，并相比较，记得有东南亚的国家这篇文章介 绍了美国教育模式的变化：最初，不同于其他国家只重视学生的分数等，美国重视学生的创造力，但是，随着世界 名校依据分数的排名来定位名校，美国的教育模式也有所转化一篇阅读有四五道问题，掌握了事件原因、影响、 变化就可以了问题不难，但是每个小问题，我觉得都应该像写一篇小作文一样，回答要有次序，多用连接词例 如，to begin with,firstly,secondly,what’s more. 作文的加分点这里同样适用第二篇跟 2010 年专八的 MINI-LECTURE Paralinguistic features of languages 一部分的内容相似Now, let's come to the second category, physical paralinguistic features, which involves the body. In addition toconvey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentions through the ways in which we use our bodies.You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me sight some brief examples. The expression on our face, the gestureswe make and even proximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages. About how we feel, orwhat we mean. Let me explain some of these in more detail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerfulconveyer of meaning. We all know smiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure or welcome. But there are otherfacial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows - suggest that you are surprised orinterested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, which indicates that you are deep in thinking, orare uncertain about something; compressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and a visible clenchingof the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category isgesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actualgestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say different cultures have their own favoritegestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In BritishEnglish behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of ‘I don't care', or ‘I don't know'. Crossing your armsmay indicate relaxation. But it can also powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome and farewell. While育明教育中国考研考博专业课第一品牌育明教育中国考研考博专业课第一品牌scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. In other cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is toindicate that you are telling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means it's a secret. That's why we say thatgestures are culture bound. The third is proximity, posture and echoing. Proximity refers to the physical distancebetween speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be used to consciously send messages aboutintent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may show formality, or lackof interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter of personal style, and is often culture bound. So,what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker fromanother. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as an informal party, butcompletely out of place in other situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the wayin which someone holds his or her body, especially the back, shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting.A few examples. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of whether the person is happy ornot. A lowered head when speaking to a superior, with or without eye contact can convey the appropriate relationship insome cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact, changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen aseither open or challenging. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may havenoticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree each other, they would likely,though unconsciously adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manor.When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation iscarried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.3.作文（30’）自然资源、能源的使用问题类 Some people think that we should think globally, act locally. “放眼 全球，立足当地”的原则处理问题。
可以结合环境保护，我国的政策进行作答,实事短语可以增加一些亮点,发达发展国家的责任Think globally, act locally” urges people to consider the health of the entire plannet and take action in their own communities and cities.可持续发展 sustainable development 经济结构调整 adjustment of the economic structure【357 英语翻译基础】一共四道题，三篇英译汉，三篇汉译英，翻译是真正考察实力的，考完普遍觉得不是那么简单英译汉第一篇讲述美国人的空间观念，中国人的“寻根性”，一本参考书里面的一段育明教育中国考研考博专业课第一品牌育明教育中国考研考博专业课第一品牌第二篇讲述的是姚明创办的“姚氏酒业”，葡萄酒厂的介绍第三篇讲述的是机器智能，表示不太好翻译汉译英第一篇是散文类，余光中的“尺素寸心文”回信，是读信的一大代价久不回信，屡不回信，接信之乐必然就相对减少，以致于无，这时，友情便暂告中断了， 直到有一天在赎罪的心情。