短文填空题型及解题技巧点拨、题型介绍短文填空题型是以阅读理解为基础，综合考查学生对英 语词汇、语法、惯用法的理解和运用，并在此基础上，考查 学生对整篇文章的分析、判断能力、逻辑推理能力，是一种 要求高、难度大、区分度高的题型其主要形式就是在一篇 语意完整的短文中有目的地挖出一些空白，造成信息链的中 断，让考生在重新理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和 常识，对每个空格做出尽可能合理的分析判断，给出最佳答 案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密常考的形式主要有以下几种：1.选择词汇型短文填空；2.给出首字母短文填空；3.给出动词型短文填空；4.在短文的 空白处填词型短文填空； 5.看图填词型短文填空二、应试技巧做短文填空题时，通常先要弄清语境，并依据上下文进 行合理的分析、判断，才能做出恰当的选择具体可分为以 下三步：1. 通览全文通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词这 是做好短文填空题的关键，因为短文填空题的特点是着眼于 整体理解我们应该根据首句给出的启示，通过逻辑思维， 借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，尽快把全文读完，建立对 文章的整体感觉2 .仔细推敲，初定答案在通读全文，了解大意的基 础上着手答题。
答题时要根据文章内容要求，结合文章的主 题，综合运用所学的词汇、语法知识，对每个空进行认真分 析，反复推敲，从而确定答案可以从以下几个方面入手：（1）根据上下文语境确定答案；（2）根据惯用法或习惯搭配确定 答案；（3）运用逻辑推理判断答案；（4）根据词语用法确定答案; （5）剖析结构，进行对比推理确定答案3 .复读检查，消除漏洞完成所有的空缺后，应再次 通读全文，看行文是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理复检时， 可从语法入手检查时态，主谓一致，代词的性，名词的数、 格及词的搭配是否正确遇到疑点，应根据中心思想，从语 义、语法上加以判断三、各类短文题型的特点及答题策略1 .选择词汇型短文填空【题型特点】这类题是把词抽出，打乱顺序，不按原文的次序排列，有时还增加几个干扰项， 要求挑选出正确的词，并用其恰当的形式填入短文的空格内解题步骤】（1）跳过空格，通读全文，初步掌握短文大 意通过阅读，了解文章大意，对语篇进行整体了解，避免 断章取义在匆匆浏览全文时，对生词可先跳过，细读时再 理会2） 复读全文，初步试填将有关单词按照个人的初步理 解填入空白处，不管具体形式如何，使短文初步成形3） 再次阅读，根据句法及词法确定所填词的最终形式， 使其符合文章思路。
典型例题】阅读下面短文，根据其内容从所给的 12个单词或词组中选出10个，并以其适当形式填空T-shirts first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century.In the early 1900s, they were worn by __1__ in the American navy（海军）under their uniforms. Over the next __2__ decades（十年）more people began to wear them. In 1951, people were impressed deeply __3__ Marlon Brando ' s white T-shirt in a film. Then, when James Dean wore a T-shirt in the movie Rebel Without a Cause, T-shirts __4__ became cool. Young people across America started wearing T-shirts as a symbol of __5__ own rebellious（反叛的）feelings.As the young people of James Dean' s times got __6__, they continued to wear T-shirts. They could have __7__ they wanted print ed on them. There ' s nothing rebellious about wearing a T-shirt now, __8__. People of all __9__ wear them. __10__, the T-shirt is probably the most common piece of clothing in the world. And these days it is OK to wear a T-shirt almost anywhere and anytime.【答案及解析】试题给出了 12个单词和短语，要求从中选出10个填入短文中，而且有的单词需要转换形式。
1.sailors根据文意应该填表示“某人”的单词，这个词应该 是“水手”，sail作动词用，意为“航海；驾（船）”；它的名词 形式 sailors，意为“水手” 2.few在“ decades（十年）”的 前面应该是个修饰数字的词， 选few符合文意3.by the sightof前面是被动语态，后面是 “ Marlon Brando 's white T-shirt ”， 填入所给的短语 by the sight of符合文意4.suddenly句子 的主要成分完整，显然这里应该用个表示“突然”的副词， 所给单词中含“突然”意思的只有 sudden，是形容词，应该用其副词形式suddenly5.theirown前面必须用形容词性 物主代词，所给单词中有人称代词 they，用它的物主代词形式their即可6.older空格前的got是连系动词，意为“变 得”，后面应接形容词作表语所给单词中剩余的形容词只 有old，根据文意，应该用它的比较级形式 older7.anything依句意“他们能够在 T恤衫上印上……”，空格处应是表达“任何东西”的词，所给单词中恰有 anything8.however。
句子末尾应该是个副词填“ however（然而）”与文意吻合 9.ages根据句式结构，People of all后面应该是个名词，组 成名词短语作句子的主语如果用 age,则需用它的复数形式ages,表示“各个年龄段的人”，与文意相符1O.ln fact 空格是个独立成分，剩余的所给单词 in fact, nothing , sothat中，选“ in fact（实际上）”与文意相符2. 给出首字母型短文填空【题型特点】首字母填词是根据句意和已给的首字母， 在句子的空白处填上恰当的单词，使句子意思完整、语法正 确的一种题型该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力， 又考查学生对句子的理解能力解题步骤】（1）通读全文，把握句意只有文章意思清 楚了，才可能根据文意进行合理判断，从而有可能突然产生“灵感”，将断层的信息比较准确地反映出来2）注意精读，反复琢磨做这类题，有时可根据固定用 法判断，有时可通过上下文意思判断遇到难词时，要根据 其前后的句子反复推敲、再三琢磨该词在句中的作用，由此 判断出该词的意思We asked some teachers to give us the last lesson. The lesson is proverbs（谚语）about friends. Older people __2__ teach proverbs to younger people. Every culture has proverbs.They are short and easy to __3__.There is a German proverb which says, “ Friendship is a plant we must __4__. ” It means that we need to take care offriends __5__ taking care of a garden. “ Only your real friendswill tell you when your face is dirty. ” is __6__ proverb fromJapan. It means that only __7__ friends tell you when you are making a __8__.My grandfather told me, “ Nobody is so __9__ that he canthrow away a friend. ” Everyone __10__ friends. Be good to them.Goodbye, friends! Don ' t forget us!n .阅读下面短文，写出括号中所给词的正确形式，使 短文意思完整。
Dolphins are __1__(interest) animals and researchers find them smart. They __2__(have) no hands, but can use tools to solve problems, just like us. There is no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own, but they can understand many sign __3__(language). They can respond(反应)quite __4__(correct) and quickly. Dolphins live in a very different world, but they are good at __5__(do) our “ intelligent(智能的) tests ” .川.动词填空A)阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (必要时可加情态动词或助动词 )I recently heard a story about a famous scientist. Because of his great achievements(成就),he was thought to be more creative than the average( 一般的)person. When he __1__(ask) why he was able to do this, he gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about two years old. “ I __2__(try) to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell, spilling( 溢出)the milk all over the floor — a sea of milk! I was frightened and I didn ' t know what to do! ” he said.His mother heard the noise and got into the kitchen. “I __3__(consider) how to explain all this to you, Mom, ” he said. Instead of __4__(punish) him, she sa。