四六级翻译基础第一部分：中国传统文化第一节 皮影戏相关词汇及短语n. 影子 vt.遮蔽vt./vi. 上演；举行n. 表演n. 木偶n. 皮革n. 窗帘；幕布n. 木偶；木偶戏n. 表演者n. 民俗学；民俗adj. 有特色的；与众不同的vt. 伴奏 vi. 伴奏；伴唱n.分类n. 兴旺vi. 繁荣 1皮影戏，是中国传统民间艺术之一2表演过程中，表演者藏在白色幕布后面控制木偶，同时通过民歌讲述故事3通常，表演有鼓和弦乐器伴奏4和京剧一样，皮影戏也有明确的角色设定5在二十年前，有着民俗风格特色的皮影戏曾是中国农村里的娱乐形式之一6但是，由于现代媒体，比如电视和电影的冲击，这一古老的艺术在逐渐消失7但幸运的是，皮影戏在一些中国农村地区依然存在着，并深受欢迎8近几年，皮影戏还被搬上了欧美地区的舞台 Shadow play is one of China’s traditional folk arts. During a shadow play performance, performers hide themselves behind a white curtain and control puppets, while also narrating the story through folk song. Performances are generally accompanied by playing drums and stringed instruments. Similar to Peking Opera, characters are clearly defined. Shadow play, with distinctive folklore styles, had long been one of entertainment forms in Chinese villages till two decades ago. But this ancient art is gradually disappearing due to the impact of modern media such as television and movies. Fortunately, shadow play is still alive and warmly welcomed among people in some rural areas in China. Chinese shadow play has been staged in Europe and the United States in recent years. 第二节中国山水画Landscape Painting（定语从句）相关词汇及短语n. 风景，景色adv. 传统上，习惯上vt. 精炼，使...文雅n. 结合n. 延长，延伸vi./vt 延伸，扩大n. 诗歌n. 术语，学期vt./n. 连接n. 道教vt.强调n. 和谐n.想象adj.理想的n.描述adj. 看得见的，明显的vt.承载，传递vi./vt.净化n. 灵魂n.流派与……相关联……的结合不再一般来说 段落翻译1山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。
2它品味高端，很受欢迎3一般意义上，中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸4汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成，且与道教的哲学思想相联系，它强调的是人与自然的和谐5中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界，他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景，这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘，而是画家内在思想的写照6因此，人们认为欣赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外，还可以净化自己的灵魂参考译文Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles. It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste. Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as acombination or extensionof calligraphy, painting, and poetry.The Chinese term for “landscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”. It is linked with the philosophy of Taoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world. Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the description of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind. People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artist’s inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls. 第三节中国明清小说Fictions of the Ming and Qing Dynasties相关词汇及短语n. 小说n. 长篇小说n.干，茎；vi. 源于……n. 传说，传奇adj. 成熟的vi. 出现n. 角色；字符adj. 丰富的adj. 生动的n. 情节adj. 杰出的；有才气的n. 远景，理想adj. 道德的n. 批判adj. 批判的n. 成就vt./vi 传播n.观众；听众；读者vt. 使曝光；显示求助于……电视版本四大名著 1中国古典小说起源于古代的神话传说，在历史的长河中不断发展。
2到了明清时期，中国小说发展完全成熟，大量的短篇故事和小说不断涌现出来3与唐诗相比，小说有着丰富的内容、生动的情节、各式各样的人物角色4最重要的是，才华横溢的作家会借助小说来表达自己的艺术理想，以及他们对社会的道德批判5这就是小说在当时社会深受欢迎的原因6明清时期文学上最伟大的成就就是名扬四海的四大名著7全世界观众都可以看到以其改编的电影及电视作品Chinese classical fiction stemmed from the ancient myths and legends and has been developing in Chinese long history. Ming and Qing Dynasty was the time when Chinese fiction became fully mature, and a wealth of short stories and novels continuously emerged. Compared with poetry in Tang Dynasty, fictions employed abundant contents, vivid plots, and various characters. Most importantly, brilliant writers turned to novels to express their artistic visions and their moral critiques of society. These were the reasons why fictions became so popular at that time. The greatest achievement in literature of the Ming and Qing Dynasties was the Four Great Classical Novels which have been spread all over the world, where audiences have been exposed to film and TV versions.第四节中国戏曲 Chinese Opera相关词汇及短语n. 戏曲n. 戏剧adj. 面部的n. 化妆n. 最精彩的部分；vt. 突出,强调adj. 明显的，独特的n. 技术，技艺n. 演员vt. 象征n. 性格，个性n. 命运vt. 观察n. 服装，戏服vt. 代表n. 忠诚n. 勇敢，勇气n. 粗糙；凶猛；艰苦；adj. 粗糙的n. 表里不一；口是心非追溯到……梨园对……有吸引力对……熟悉 段落翻译 1在中国，戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式，一般来说，可以追溯到唐朝时期，当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。
2如今，许多外国人也很喜欢中国的戏曲3最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格—画脸谱，它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点，同时还要求独特的绘画技艺4每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运5熟知戏曲的观众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事6通常，红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢；黑色代表凶猛；黄色和白色代表口是心非；金色和银色代表神秘7对于中国人，特别是老年人，欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣 Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China. In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong, who founded the “Pear Garden”. Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people.What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting. Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer's face to symbolize a character's personality, and fate. Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes. Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery; a black face, rough ; yellow and white faces, duplicity。