怎样解中考英语阅读理解词义推断题近年来中考英语阅读理解试题非常注重对考生词义推断能力的考查，出现了代词指代判断题、熟词新义判断题和生词词义判断题，其解题方法如下：一、分析人称演变过程，推断代词正确指代代词指代判断题要求考生借助语境逻辑推断人称代词和指示代词的正确指代人称代词指代判断题主要要求考生判断it （ 指代动物、无生命事物、特定事件和人） ，they （ 指复数的人、动物、物品和事件，属主格） ,them （ 指复数的人、动物、物品和事件，属宾格） ，he, she等代词的指代对象指示代词指代判断题主要要求考生对this, these, that, those等代词指代对象进行准确判断，以考查考生对特定的人、物和事件的再认能力历年中考实践表明代词指代判断题多出现在人称转换多、动作变换频的语境中解题时考生应认真阅读特定代词所在句和前后邻近句的内容，弄清人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，把握其来龙去脉和前因后果，只有这样才能准确推断其所指代的对象例1： （ 2013年南京卷）原文：There are three parts to the Global Positioning System.The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, orhave it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a groupof satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates （ 计算） its position. Thethird part of the system is a network of ground stations. They areall over the world. They control the satellites and make sure theyare working well.试题：43. The underlined word "They" in paragraph 3 meansA. ReceiversB. GPS devicesC. SatellitesD. Ground stations解析：D o认真阅读分析画线词所在句及前两句可知，前两句为画线词所在句背景信息，因此画线词They就指前一句中的They,也指再前一句中的 ground stationso例2： （ 2013年南昌卷）原文：Nathan?s work has appeared in museums around the world.Children love his art because it is made out of the same toys thatthey play with at home and adults love his work because it isfascinating. Since it began in 2007, Nathan?s exhibition The Artof the Brick“ has been very popular with museum visitorseverywhere.试题：84. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3refer to?A. Nathan?s work.B. Nathan?s exhibition.C. Nathan?s art. D. Nathan?s self?portrait.解析：B o认真阅读分析原文可知,i t应指代Nathan?s exhibition。
例3： （ 2013年扬州卷）原文：Bill Krejci, a web designer, felt that he needed to dosomething more for this amazingly honest man. So on February 18th,he set up a special page to raise money for him. In just four days,Billy received over $85,000 and there seems to be no end yet.That is not enough. Billy is living with a person who is generousinstead of living in the streets. And that?s not all — Thanks to thenews report, he got together again with his older brother, EdwinHarris who he had been unable to find for 27 years.试题：40. The underlined word "That" in Paragraph 4 refersto （ 指代）“ ”.A. returning the ringB. setting up a pageC. living in the streetsD. receiving money解析：D o由于原文第三节和第四节信息是连贯的，因此That应指代第三节最后一句内容即receiving moneyo二、分析原始含义和所在句语境，推断熟词新义众所周知，英语单词的词义非常丰富，搭配能力很强，这样一些熟词随语境不同就会产生新含义，这种新含义来自原含义又体现新特点。
解题 时同学们应将原含义与新语境有机结合起来，综合考虑，整体思维，从而准确判断熟词在特定语境中的新含义例1： （ 2013年天津卷）原文：The city is still an amazing mix （ 混合体）of people fromdifferent countries. The people from 150 countries live and workin Dubai, and foreigners now outnumber Dubai natives （ 本地人）byeight to one!试题：63. What does the underlined word “ outnumber" mean?A. To be smaller in size than another group.B. To be more in number than another group.C. To be bigger in area than another group.D. To be smaller in area than another group.解析：Bo by eight to one为outnumber所示动作的结果，结合其表面意义可知其意为“ 在数目上超过” 。
例2： （ 2013年山西卷）原文：You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes?break. But when the bell for the next class rings, you can?t believehow quickly time has passed. If you have this experience, you?llknow how time flies when you are having fun and drags when you arebored. Now scientists have come up with a reason why this happens.试题：56. What does the underlined word “ drags“ probably mean?A. passes slowlyB. runs quickly C. moves actively解析：A o原文第一节前两句表明快乐会使人觉得时间过得快，而厌烦会使人觉得时间过得慢，可 见drags应 为how time flies的反面意义,结合drag的 本 义 " 拖 、拉”可知drags应指时间过得慢。
三、分析语境逻辑，推断生词含义分析近年中考英语阅读理解题不难发现，生词词义判断题是中考英语阅读理解词义判断题中考查最多的试题，因推断力度大、分析要求高、解题难度较大解题时考生必须借助上下文语境逻辑，利用转折、递进、条件、因果、让步、并列、对比或定义解释等语境逻辑仔细分析已知信息和生词之间的关系，从而准确推断其正确含义例1： （ 2013年无锡卷）原文：“ Well, no. Does a boy get the opportunity to paint a fenceevery day? You?ve never painted a fence, have you? Auntie says Ihave to do it with great care!”试题：31. Which of the following has the closest meaning to theunderlined word “ opportunity“ in the passage?A. Reward. B. Interest.C. Ability. D. Chance.解析：Do 原文第六节中的 You?ve never painted a fence, have you?表明粉刷篱笆的机会不多，由此可以推出画线词与Chance意义最接近。
例2： （ 2013年南通卷）原文：Using rainwater is another simple way to save clean water. You can use rainwater to wash your hands after gardening, flush thetoilet, and wash your car, your pet, your driveway when they aredirty.试题：36. The underlined word “ flush“ in Paragraph 4 meansa ”A. clean something with waterB. pour water over somethingC. make something wet with waterD. get water out of something解析：A o认真阅读分析画线词所在句可知，wash your hands aftergardening, flush the toilet, and wash your car, your pet, yourdriveway when they are dirty都是用雨水可以做的事情， 结合the toilet可知flush意 为 “ 用水冲洗” 。
例3 ： （ 2013年武汉卷）原文：Martin Lynch, an American businessman, had been going onvacation to a small Mexican fishing village for a number of years.One morning while going for a walk along the beach, he saw his friendPablo Perez, a local fisherman. Martin watched Pablo unload his boatand pack the fish in a box.试题 ：69. The underlined word “ unload“ in the passage means .A. put… intoB. take… away fromC. break downD. set off 解析：Bo认真阅读分析画线词所在句可知，pack th e f i sh i n a box为unl oad h i s boat后的结果，由此可见unl oad意为' ' 卸货" , 即take …away f rom。