专题2阅读理解专题之----文章出处及文体类型题【设问形式】判断文章出处及文体类型题常见设问形式：1) The passage is most likely to be taken from .2) Where would this passage most probably appear?3) The passage is most likely a part of .4) Where does this text probably come from?5) What type of writing is this text?【考查方式】高考阅读理解文章出处的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章的内容的理解及对各种文章出处的特点和常识，对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力几乎所有话题都有可能涉及文章出处、文章类别的的阅读题目解答文章出处和文体类型题主要从文章的体裁和题材内容来作出判断考生需要在理解文章的基础上去了 解各种出处的特点，以便结合文章的内容、关键词作出准确的判断首先注意常见的出处类型的特点：女口①新闻报道(newspaper)的首段通常为导语，包括人物、时间、地点或事件等；②科普类杂志(scienee magazine) 或科普类说明文常会出现 scie ntists have found; the research/study shows that...等表明实验结果的句子；杂志的 文章更为丰富，话题更具体，语言比较轻松活泼；③广告 (advertiseme nt)的用词和格式特殊，很好辨认，广告可能会谈到某产品的特色、价格等，会透露出鼓励读者去了解和购买的信息。
④产品说明，器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式， 而药品的服用说明会有服用时间、 次数、用量等⑤研究报告(report),语言严肃认真，文章往往保护具体的数据或事实依据，实际情况等⑥课本教材 (textbook),会使用教化性的语言，说理讲解味较为浓厚，对阅读对象的指向性很明确⑦传记 (biography):历史性强，时间线索比较明显，往往包含重要事件⑧科幻小说(scienee fiction):内容多为对某些尚未出现或发现的科学发明等进行想象 和预测⑨旅行指南(travel guide/guide book):给旅游者提供一些旅游信息，介绍当地的一些好去处，如： 餐馆、公园、旅游景点等 ⑩网站(website)内容广泛，文章常出现click等网络用语实战演练【例题】1. 2013全国1 B篇They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert （ 警觉）Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze（凝视）starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns ； she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?Or do n ewbor ns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experime nt,but with three spots show n before two, shows the same retur n of in terest whe n the nu mber of spots cha nges.Perhaps it is just the newn ess? When slightly older babies were show n cards with pictures of objects（a comb,a key,a n orange and so on ）,cha nging the nu mber of objects had an effect separate from cha nging the objects themselves.Could it be the patter n that two things make,as opposed to three? No aga in .Babies paid more atte nti on to squares movi ng ran domly on a scree n whe n their nu mber cha nged from two to three, or three to two. The effect eve n crosses betwee n sen ses.Babies who were repeatedly show n two spots became more excited whe n they the n heard three drumbeats tha n whe n they heard just two; likewise（同样地）when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.63.Where does this text probably come from?A. Scienee fiction. B.Children ' s literature. C.An advertisement. D.A scienee report.解析：文章主要讲通过研究人员的实验，来证明婴儿具备感知数量的能力。
根据题材内容判 读符合研究报告的特点，所以选 D【举一反三】AThere was a lot of news related to artificial intelligenee, or AI, and machine learning. Among the stories were two deali ng with direct competiti ons betwee n huma ns and mach in es.In one competiti on, mach ines that used AI performed better tha n huma n beings in a high-level read ing test. Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment. One of the tools was built by the American tech no logy compa ny Microsoft. The other was created by Chin ese on li ne seller Alibaba Group.In ano ther competiti on, a computer took on huma ns in live, public debates. The eve nt dem on strated how Al-powered computers are in creas in gly being developed to think and sound like huma ns. The orga ni zer of the debates, U. S. tech no logy compa ny IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those watch ing said they feltthe machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the human got more praise for com muni cat ing their ideas.This year, we also explored the many ways Al and mach ine lear ning are now being used. For example, some U. S. judges use mach ine lear ning systems to help them decide whe n, and for how long, crim in als should be jailed. The system uses computers to exam ine data from thousa nds of court cases.One fast-grow ing area of AI is facial recog niti on, which is in creas in gly being used for security purposes.Recen tly, Atla nta's Hartsfield-Jacks on airport became the first in the U. s. to permit passe ngers to use facial recog niti on tech no logy to get on flights. A Chin ese compa ny showed off an AI system it developed to recog nize in dividuals by body shape and walk ing moveme nts. The system is already being used by Chin ese police in Beiji ng and Shan ghai.In addition, machine learning was used during 2018 to predict results of the World Cup soccer competition.The tech no logy also created artwork that sold for a large amount of mon ey. And it is being used to help farmer save time and mon ey, while reduc ing environmen t-harmi ng chemicals. Other tech no logy systems are being used to follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their act。