考研近义词、形近词辨析宝典（共90组）abno rmal, un comm onabnormal a.不正常的，反常的（但并非罕见），指行为或现彖（如气候）的异常His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度 uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的 Hurrica nes are un comm on in Englan d.飓风在英国非常罕见That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘,味道好极 了！abide, adhere, conform, complyabide v•后接by表示“遵守，同意”I will abide by the director* decision.我将遵从主任的决定adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”当然adhere —词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考 到。
Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则 conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments. 每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合Our company complies with governmentai regulations on paying taxes.我彳门公司 遵守政府有关纳税的规定abstract, digest, outline, summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要digest n.（篇幅较长的）摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩麻 仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格Readers Digest《读者文摘》outline n.要点，大纲，概要。
She made an outli ne of ideas she wan ted to prese nt in her talk.她把白己要谈的 想法列了一个提纲summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格absurd, ridiculous这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motion less.过去曾经有——乖中 荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食 来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的accent, tone, dialectaccent n.U音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。
tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言the Yorkshire dialect 纟勺克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect 四川方言accommodate, afford, furnishaccommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests•这家饭店可供 500 位来宾住宿The company accommodated the customers wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连復将货物发了出去afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供We cant afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海 的美丽景致。
furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了乞种知识，然而只有思考才能 将我们读到的内容变成白己的东西accomplishment, attainment, achievement accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运 动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.itui画得好只是她的许 多才能Z—attainment n.指学识和造诣（常用作复数）；达到，到达a scholar of the highest attainments 造诣极高的学者 achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”,或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。
acute, critical, crucial, urgentacute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的（病）An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人 民正在忍饥挨饿critical a.意为”关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似 与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的穆度有更准确的衡量；还捋批判性的，分析性 的It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用 功学习，否则你会不及格的crucial a.意为”决定性的,紧要关头的,至关重要的”，最为笼统,适用于上述两种情况Improved con sumer con fide nee is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的 增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的urgent a.意为“紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的“，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调”紧急 的”状态We have an urge nt n eed for help; we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助， 我们的水就快要用光了。
admit, confess, concedeadmit v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认“某一事实或过错I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理confess v.供认（罪行、过错等），含有”坦白、招认“的意思He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错谋，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可 以指“以退为进”的承认The man who caused the accide nt fin ally con ceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人aggravate, reinforce, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有”加强”的意思aggravate v.加重（负担、罪行、病情等），使Z恶化I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了, 而过 早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；（以添加材料等）加固A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗城抢劫银行，用无线要求增援increase v.指数量上的增加The nu mber of people has in creased.人数增加了strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become strongercExercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于 to become more intense or intensiveo intensify colors 加深色彩intensify hatred 加深仇恨alert, cautious, con siderate这一组形容词都表示“小心的，谨慎的”oalert a潛惕的,留神的。
The hostess remained st a nding, alert to every guests drinking n eed •女主人一直 站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒cautious a.细心的，谨慎的He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上彳也态度谨慎 considerate a.关心他人的,体贴的He is always con siderate of others; he is kind and sympathetic, to 总是很体谅他人, 并且慈祥而富有同情心alive, live, living, lively这一组形容词都跟肾『有关alive a・活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后,他奄奄一息 all man alive所有活着的人live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播。