定语从句的认知过程 定语从句是高中阶段的一项十分重要的语法项目，学好定语从句很容易使我们的语言表达能力得以充分的发挥，好多我们无法直接用英语来描述的词可以用定语从句表达出来假如我们不会用英语说“钱 ”这个字，我们可以用定语从句给描述出来我们可以说：It is sth that we can use to buy what we want , it is sth which is made of metal or paper, it is sth with which we can take easily around the world and do many things . 这样定语从句的作用就非常地明显下面我从最基础的地方着手给同学们阐述定语从句的使用一．定义：什么叫定语从句？ 要知道定语从句首先要知道什么是定语定语是修饰限制名词、代词或起到名词作用的词或短语充当定语的如果是一个句子，即是定语从句二．定语从句的引导词1． 如何把一句话变成定语从句 (认知过程)如1/. I saw a boy. The boy was a student. 如果我们把两个句子合成，I saw a boy (The boy was a student.) 我们会发现有两个词the boy重复，（ 定语从句） 那么第一次出现的the boy我们把它叫做先行词，为了避免重复，我们找一个关系代词来代替它。
于是就出现了I saw a boy（ who/that was a student.） （定语从句）2./ 定语从句变化过程： She left the place. The place was beautiful. She left the place (The place was beautiful.) She left the place (which/that was beautiful.)总结：引导词即关系代词或副词在句中一定充当成分2． 充当先行词的几种情况；一．先行词指人1/ 在定语从句中充当主语时，我们可用 who / that 来代替Eg. I know the man. The man （主语）came to see me yesterday.I know the man ( who / that came to see me yesterday.)2/ 在定语从句中充当宾语时，我们可用who /that /whom 来代替Eg. The boy was black and blue. They beat the boy（宾语）just now.The boy ( who / that / whom they beat just now )was black and blue.二．先行词指事或物，不管在定语从句中做主语还是宾语，我们都可用 which / that 代替eg. 1/ The desk is beautiful. The desk(主语) was made by a girl. The desk (which / that was made by a girl )is beautiful.2/ The TV set is cheap. He bought the TV set(宾语) yesterday. The TV set (which / that he bought yesterday) is cheap.三．先行词指人，在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，如果介词不提前可用 who / that / whom, 但是，如果介词提前，就只能用 whom.Eg. I met the person . You were discussing with the person. I met the person (who / whom / that you were discussing with.) I met the person (with whom you were discussing)。
四．先行词指事或物，在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，如果介词不提前可用 which / that , 但是，如果介词提前，就只能用 which. Eg. The traffic accident is serious. They are talking about the traffic accident.The traffic accident (which / that they are talking about) is serious.The traffic accident (about which they are talking) is serious.注：如果先行词时间名词，地点名词 用法同（二）、（四）两点Eg. 1./ That day was fine. I will never forget that day. That day (that / which I will never forget) was fine. 2./ That day was fine. We were talking about that day. That day( that / which we were talking about )was fine. That day( about which we were talking) was fine. 1./ This is a mountain. I visited the mountain. This is a mountain( that / which I visited.) 2/ This is a mountain. He lives beside the mountain. This is a mountain( which / that he lives beside.) This is a mountain (beside which he lives.) 五/ 先行词在定语从句中做定语时，引导词用whose / of which. Eg. The man is a teacher. His father is a great leader. The man (whose father is a great leader )is a teacher. 注意： A house stopped me. The window of the house was broken. A house(of which the window was broken )stopped me.强调： A / 当先行词是时间或地点名词在定语从句中作介词宾语或即是地点状语时，除了可以使用方法 （四）之外， 我们也可以直接使用 when / where，因此，when就等于 on which, at which, before which, after which------. Where 就等于 at which, in which, beside which, in front of which, behind which---Eg. 1/ I will remember the day. You came to see me on the day.I will remember the day which / that you came to see me on. I will remember the day on which you came to see me.I will remember the day when you came to see me.2/ The school is fine. I study at the school. The school which / that I study at is fine. The school at which I study is fine. The school where I study is fine. B / 当先行词是the reason 时，有两种可能，一种是作宾语，一种和介词一起作原因状语。
Eg. 1 / He told me the reason Nobody knew the reason. He told me the reason which /that nobody knew. 2/ He told me the reason. He was late for the reason. He told me the reason for which/why he was late. Note: The reason why his sister was late is that her husband is badly ill in hospital.C./ 当先行词是 idea, face rumor, news ,hope, belief, thought, doubt 等词时，如果后面的从句是解释或说明以上名词的具体内容，那么这个句子是同位语从句，要用that连接, 如1/ 如果是修饰限制以上的名词， 那么他就是定语从句， 要用which / that 连接， 如 2/ I had no idea that you were late.1/ We all know the fact that China is developing quickly. I remember the idea that / which he put forward.2/ They all know the fact which Xiao Wang said. D．/ which 和that只能使用that 的几种情况。
1/ 当先行词被序数词、最高级所修饰时 2/ 当先行词既指人又指物时 3/ 当先行词the very, the only , the last 所修饰时 4/ 当先行词有all, any, few , little, no等修饰语时，人们更多地使用that 5/ 当先行词为everything, anything ,nothing, all, little, few, much 等时，但先行词为something 时，既可用that 又可用which 6/ 有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句 Who is the man that hit the boy? Which was the car that hit the tree? Who that has such a house does not love it? 7/ 当先行词后跟的是陈述句的同位语从句时只能用。