Bertrand Russell [‘rʌsəl],,Who is Bertrand Russell?,Bertrand Russell was a British philosopher, logician, essayist and social critic.,He also did a lot of work in the areas of education, history, political theory and religious studies.,best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. 最著名的作品在数理逻辑、分析哲学,,Including 4 marriages, a slew of awards…. and controversies —The life of Bertrand Russell can certainly be described as full and wondrous!,His first wife,Russell first met the American Quaker, Alys[‘eilis] (艾丽斯), when he was 17 years old. Russell fell in love with the puritanical（清教徒的）, high-minded Alys and in marrying her in December.,This is a photograph of Bertrand Russells first wife, Alys.,The marriage between Russell and Alys in 1894 was ended by separation in 1911. In 1921 they divorced.,His second wife Dora Russell and children: John and Katharine,,Bertrand Russell, John，Katharine,,Peter Russell-The third wife,When Russells marriage with Dora broke up, he took as his third wife in 1936 the attractive Oxford undergraduate, Peter. She had been his childrens governess in the summer of 1930.,His third wife —Peter Russell and son in Cambridge in April 1945.,His fourth wife Edith (Finch),,His fourth wife,Russell with his fourth wife Edith (Finch). They had known each other since 1925. Edith had lectured in English at Bryn Mawr College(布林莫尔学院), near Philadelphia. This is the photo that Russell and Edith at their wedding on 15 December 1952.,,,Kate, Russell, Peter and John in Redwood National Park, in 1939.,Bertrand Russell in 1893,,,,,,,Philosophy,One of the funders of Analytic philosophy Philosophy of language: Russell’s theory of description A contribution to metaphysics(形而上学) and Epistemology（认识论）,The Best-Selling Books,The Problems of Philosophy,Gives Russells views on philosophical subjects and value of philosophical knowledge.,1912,The Best-Selling Books,The History of Western Philosophy,This book gives a general history of philosophy.,1945,Russell: The Activist,Bertrand Russell is famous in activist（激进主义分子） circles for his work against nuclear weapons and Western involvement in the Vietnam War, His social and political activism stretches far beyond that…,,Social Activity,Education Ethics(伦理学) Women’s rights Pacificist(反战主义者),Majored in math in Cambridge The Principles of Mathematics（数学原则）in 1903 The Russell Paradox (罗素悖论) The Principia Mathematica (数学原理) in 1910 written with Whitehead,Mathematics,Russell’s Paradox,Russells paradox is the most famous of the logical paradoxes. The paradox arises by considering the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set appears to be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself, hence the paradox.,The Experimental School,Along with his second wife, Russell opened an experimental school. He believed education was key to conveying his social beliefs.,Dora Black,The Rebel,Russell was convicted twice and spent 6 months in prison due to his protests. He was dismissed from one college and had a job offer revoked(撤回，废除) from another for similar reasons.,In 1918, he was thrown to prison because of an article of anti-war. In 1961, he was put into prison again because of his incite of violent against movement.,Religion,Russell’s books are notoriously blasphemous（亵渎神明的，不敬神的）. He implies that religion is a comfort we seek to excuse our terrible acts. His message is that we should take responsibility for our own actions.,,,Gave a lot of speeches around the world,A speech for anti-nuclear press group,Russell participated in many broadcasts over the BBC on various topical and philosophical subjects,,At the Nobel Award Dinner,The Order of Merit given by King George VI on June 9, 1949,In his final years, he didn’t give up working.,In short, as a renowned British philosopher, Bertrand Russell accomplished in a wide range of areas including philosophy, mathematics, ethics, sociology, education, history, religion and politics. Yet, his primary contribution is in mathematics and logic, which had far-reaching influence on western philosophy. In 1950, he won Nobel Prize for Literature.,what I have lived for,1、Preface of 《The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell》. 2、It Shows his inner world. 3、His viewpoints: “Three passions, simple overwhelmingly strong ,have governed my live: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind.",,“Do not fear to be eccentric in opinion, for every opinion now accepted was once eccentric.” 不要害怕怀有怪念头，因为现在人们接受的所有的观念都曾经是怪念头。
It has been said that man is a rational animal. All my life I have been searching for evidence which could support this. 据说人是一种理性动物穷我自己一生，我都在寻找这观点的证据 —Bertrand Russell,The good life is one inspired by love and guided by knowledge.,——Bertrand Russell,美好的生活是由爱所激励，由知识所引导。