大学英语三级考试语法复习要点一、动词的时态和语态1 .动词的时态1.1 一般现在时（am/is/are+v原）1.1.1 在下列从句中，主句如用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时1） 由 when, until, the moment, as soon as, after, the next time® if, unless, in case, whether, as long as, once, howeverprovided that, supposing 等连词弓I导的 时间 状语和条件状语从句中e.g. If she doesn' tell him the truth now, he ' keempiy asking her until she does.Keep on doing sth继续做某事He will call you up the moment he finishes the work.You won' t pass the exam unless yotudy harder.2） 在定语从句中，如，Be quick, or the train will have left by the time we get to the station3）名词性的 wh-, that-从句中,如：They will be thankful for whatever help you offer him.4）让步状语从句（从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时）：e.g. Whether the weatheris good or bad,…No matter whether you agree or not …However carefully you drive …1.1.2 表示客观事实和真理的句子任何时候都用一般现在时。
e.g. In the past many people didn ' t believe thatlsroeadth1.1.3 在某些常用的句中表示在一个具体的现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态e.g. Here he comesThere goesthe bell.1.2 一般过去时（was/were+v原）1）当提及过去存在的人或物时，即使句中没有表明过去的时间状语，该句的谓 语动词也应该用一般过去时e.g. Dickens was a great English writer.When did you write the story?2）在表示时间或条件的状语从句中代替过去将来时e.g. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.I decided to go to the library as soon as finished what I was doing.1.3 一般将来时：表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或存在的状态表示将来的谓语结构有:shall/will dobe going to dobe about to do:表示动作 正要“，刚要"发生，不与表示将来的时间状语连 用。
be to do:表示按 日程”将要发生的动作，或用来征询意见be doing （come, go, arrive, drive, fly, leave, start, plan ）will be doing常表示预计即将发生或势必发生的动作，它含有已经安排好的 意思e.g. We must hurry. The film is about tostart.George is arriving on the four o ' clock train this afternoon.There is to bea test at the end of this term.Are we to go now?Don' t worry. I expect ll be seeinghim tomorrow. Then I can tell him about it.试比较：I will be seeinghim about it tomorrow.I ll see him about it tomorrow.（末事先安NF好）1.4 现在进行时（be doing）该时态可以同频度副词，如：always, forever, constantly连用，带有情感 色彩，如赞扬或厌烦等。
e.g. He is always askinghe same question.试比较： He is always comingate.He always comesate.1.5 现在完成时（have /has+done）1）在含有 the first/ second timezsuperlative degree +n 句型中，通常用现在完 成时e.g. This is the first time they have traveled by air.This is the most interestingnovel I have ever read2）由连词since引出状语从句时，主句一般都用现在完成时，有时用现在完成进 行时，从句用一般过去时句型：S+ have/has V-ed2/been V-incsince s +V-ed1e.g. I have not heard from her since we graduated from university.He has been workingin this school since hecame here.3）用于时间状语从句或条件状语从句表示将来完成的动作。
e.g. I will return your book on Monday if I have readi t.. 具体的某——天用 onI will let you know after I have talked with him.The students will go home as soon asheyhave finishedthe exams.Check it out when you have finishedit.4）现在完成时经常与不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：already, just, yet, before, recently, lately等；也可同表示频度的时间状语连用 ，如：often, ever, never, twice, 等；还可同表示一段时间的状语连用 ，如：for, since, in(for) the last/past ten years, these ten days, up to now, so f命5) go, come, return, buy, become, join, borrow 等瞬间动词不能和表示延续的时 问状语连用要表示有关的意思时应该用have的完成时或be的完成时。
e.g. They have been backor more than a month.不能说： They have come backor more than a month.He has hadthe bike for two years.不能说： He has boughtthe bike for two years.1.6 现在完成进行时(have been doing)强调一个动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，没有中断过，并将继续下去e.g. He has been doinchis homework all the morning but hasn' t finished yet.1.7 过去完成时这是一个相对的时态，只有与过去时或过去某个动作相比较时才能用1)在含有 when, before, after, until, as soon as等引起的时间状语的主从句中，若主从句谓语均表过去的动作，则动作在先的用过去完成时e.g. When I had finished my homework, I went out for a walk.They had left before I returned.2)在含有hardly, scarcely, barely, no soone降词的主从复合句中， 从句谓语一 般用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时。
e.g. No sooner had I arrived at the school than the belrang.Hardly had he finished his speech when the audiencetarted cheering.3)含有by the end of +过去时间的介词短语的句子中，谓语动词应用过去完成 时e.g. She had finished her designby the end of last month4)有些动词，如intend, hope, plan, mean, think等的过去完成时表示过去未曾实 现的希望、打算或意图e.g. I had hoped that she would answer my letter.She had intended to go to the cinema last night, but she was busy then.1.8 过去完成进行时表示过去某时或某动作之前的动作或状态一直持续到过去某个时候，没有中断过e.g. He had been workingin the office for two years before shegot a raise.1.9 将来完成时：表示将来某时之前已完成的动作。
e.g. By the end of this month, we surely will have found a satisfactory solution to the problem.The conferencewill have lasted a full week by the time it ends2 .被动语态在不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时，或者为了突出或强调动作承受者时，就用被动语态e.g. My bike was stolenlast night.The plan has been made结构：be+V-ed22.1各种时态的被动语态主动语态被动语态一般现在时V(s)is/am/are+V-ed2一般过去时V-ed1was/were+V-ed2一般将来时shall/will+Vshall/will+be+V-ed2现在完成时have/has+V-ed2have/has+been+V-ed2过去完成时had +V-ed2had+been V-ed2现在进行时Is/am/are+V-ingis/am/are+being+V-ed2过去进行时was/were+V-ingwas/were+being+V-ed22.2含有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词 +be+V-ed2 e.g. All that can be donehas been done.The work must be doneat once.3 .时态的呼应在主从复合句中，主要是在宾语从句中，时态常受主句谓语动词时态。