话题16 旅游与交通(Travel and Transport) 教师版2017.9.30 高考方向及写法指导本话题主要包括五个方向的考点，其一是交通拥堵问题及其解决措施，或者谈论小汽车（私家车）的利弊，一般为议论文写作该话题写作思路为：总述交通拥堵现象—分析该现象产生的缘由—提出有效措施其二是介绍一处旅游景点或旅游城市的说明文（此处也可以参照描写某处地点、居住城市或旅游城市介绍）其三是以媒体报道、日记或周记的方式考查，集中在记录自己或与自己有关的一次旅行经历（2010年北京卷）该话题涉及以下相关信息：1.旅行前的准备事项，如：路线查询，价格，天气情况查询，机票、车票预订，各种用品的准备；2.旅行中的所见所闻及感受，交代乘坐的交通工具，出发与到达的时间，与谁一同前往，去过的景区，沿途发生的令人印象深刻的事情(指路与问路、购物、特色美食等)；3.对本次旅行的感受、评价（交通状况、旅游发展或游客素养等）或谈论本次经历的收获（开阔眼界、增长知识、文化领悟、交际能力、合作能力、毅力得到锻炼等）其四是关于一次旅行的通知、注意事项说明、出国旅游人员的不文明现象及解决措施其五是向外国友人推荐旅行路线的建议信（2017年北京卷）。
一）交通拥堵问题及其解决措施交通工具和出行方式（Means of transport and ways to travel） vehicle 运载工具；车辆；机动车；飞行器bike/bicycle 自行车 tricycle 三轮脚踏车 pedicab（载人的）人力三轮车 motorbike/motorcycle 摩托车 taxi出租车 coach长途汽车;(旧时的)四轮大马车 bus公交车 trolleybus无轨电车 tram有轨电车 ambulance救护车 lorry/truck卡车 tractor拖拉机carriage四轮马车 subway/underground/metro 地铁 train火车 aircraft/airplane/plane飞机 helicopter直升机 spaceship宇宙飞船 boat/ship船 ferry码头 freeway /highway高速公路 railway铁路 walk/ on foot 走路，步行 ride a bike/by bike 骑自行车drive a car/by car 开小轿车 take a bus/by bus 乘公共汽车take a taxi/by taxi乘出租车，打的 by boat/ship/water/sea 坐船/走水路transfer(在旅途中)转乘、换乘与交通相关的词汇和表达（Vocabularies and expressions related to traffic）traffic jam交通拥堵 ring road 环路 traffic lights交通信号灯 rush hour（上，下班的）高峰期 bicycle lane自行车道 bus lane公交车道 road works道路施工 city center市中心 traffic police交通警察 cross road/crossing 十字路parking lot停车处traffic accident交通事故安全规则（Safety rules and warnings）traffic control 交通管制 traffic rule/regulation交通规则speed limit速度限制safety first安全第一 keep left/ right靠左/靠右wait until the green light 等到绿灯再走（1）As we headed back to Calais, the coach was badly delayed by road works.返回加来时，由于道路施工，我们乘坐的长途大巴严重误点。
2）As we all known, with the development of people’s living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing convenience to life.总所周知，随着人们生活水平的提高，汽车已经变成了一种重要的交通方式，方便了我们的出行3）We can’t ignore the fact that some problems, such as air pollution and traffic jams, are becoming worse.我们不能忽视诸如空气污染和交通拥堵等问题日益严重交通问题（Traffic problems）1. heavy traffic拥挤的交通 traffic jam塞车, 交通拥堵 be stuck and late for work因塞车而上班迟到rush hour（上，下班的）高峰期 road rage路怒症2. vehicle exhaust 汽车尾气 PM 2.5 air pollution空气污染 damage health损害健康3. traffic accidents交通事故 death死亡 injury受伤4. parking停车 congested parking lots拥挤的停车场 expensive purchase高额收费原因（Causes）1. too many cars 2. Roads are very narrow. 道路非常狭窄。
3. Roads are under construction. 道路正在修建中4. People disobey traffic rules. 人们不遵守交通规则1)People cut in lines. 人们插队2)Motorists take the bicycle lanes. 开车的人占用自行车道3)Pedestrians and cyclists ignore traffic lights. 行人和骑车的人忽视交通信号4)over-speeding超速解决措施（Solutions）1. Limit the number of cars 汽车限号(1) license-plate lottery车牌摇号(2) traffic restrictions based on the last digit of license plate number尾号限行2. promote public transport 提升公共交通（服务）(1) build more underground lines 修建更多的地铁线(2) provide more bus services提供更多的公共汽车服务(3)bus rapid transit 快速公交体系3. build more fly-overs修建更多的立交桥4. park and ride scheme停放车辆后换乘公共汽车措施进城5. congestion fee征收拥堵费因果表述(1) as a result of… as a consequence of… 因为……(2) The reason is that…因为……（3）There are several causes. First,… 有几个原因，首先……(4) A number of factors could account for the fact that… 许多因素可以解释……这一事实。
提出建议Effective measures should be taken immediately. 应立即采取有效措施There are three ways to solve these problems. 有三种途径解决这些问题Firstly, why not limit the number of cars? 首先，为什么不尝试小车限号（的方案）呢？Secondly, the path to traffic safety is through education, which helps strengthen the public’s awareness of obeying the traffic laws and regulations. 第二，（确保）交通安全的途径是通过教育，这有助于增强公众遵守交通法规的意识Thirdly, we should/ shouldn’t…What’s more, ….At last, it’s a good idea to…In conclusion…范文1【2015山西太原高三一模】交通拥堵现象及解决措施（Travel and Transport） 假定你校英语社团就“中国大城市目前的交通拥堵问题”邀请学生展开讨论。
请你参考所给要点，写一篇英语发言稿1. 简述拥堵问题；2. 分析主要原因；3. 提出相应建议注意：1.词数120左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.首句已给出，不计入总词数参考范文AGood morning, everyone!In spite of the fast development of transportation in the major cities of China, more and more traffic problems are arising. A serious one is heavy traffic. What on earth(究竟) causes this problem? In the first place, a large population contributes to heavy traffic and growing numbers of private cars add to the pressure on the severe traffic conditions. What’s worse, some people are unaware of the importance of obeying traffic regulations, so it’s not uncommon to see accidents blocking traffic. Personally, it’s a good idea to limit the number of cars. And at the same time, it’s better to improve the public transportation system with scientific road design and proper management than to promote private cars. More importantly, never。