语法120题 一、动词的时态和语态1. 动词基本时态及其用法(一) 一般现在时的特殊用法l 1. 表示真理或经常性的动作 The secretary said that she always leaves as soon as her boss goes home.(宾语从句说的是习惯)l 2. 表示预先安排好，将要发生的事情 The train leaves in half an hour.l 3. 用于时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替将来时I won’t go to his birthday party unless he invites me.(二)现在进行时的特殊用法l 1. 表示将来计划要做的事情 Professor Smith is entertaining his students this Sunday.l 2. 现在进行时与always，constantly，forever等连用表示意想不到或使人烦恼的事情 She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.(三) 现在完成时的用法l 1. 表示从过去到现在这段时间内完成而对现在有影响的动作或状态。
常与already, before, ever, lately, just, in the past … years, never, recently, so far, up to now, yet等状语连用 1) I haven’t heard from him lately. 2) So far，we have discussed this problem for three times.2.表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态常与for, since连用 Mr. White has worked in the company for a decade.3. 在时间和条件状语从句中代替将来时 1) I'll phone you after I have talked about this matter with my parents. 2) We’ll go to the cinema if we have finished our essay by that time.(四) 过去完成时l 表示过去某时间前已发生的动作或情况，常与before, by等引导的状语连用 1. They had passed CET 4 before entering this college. 2. They did better than we had expected.(五) 将来完成时l 表示将来某时刻之前已完成或发生的情况，常与by+将来时间的状语连用。
By the end of next year，we’ll have completed this project.2.情态动词+现在完成时l 1) should/ought to+ have done表示过去应该做而未做You should have finished your work an hour ago.(实际没做完)l 2) needn’t+ have done 表示已经做过的但是并不必要的行为 You needn’t have written to him. He will be here tomorrow. (实际已经写了信)l 3) could+ have done表示与过去的事实相反，能做而未做 (1) I could have bought that coat, but I lent the money to a friend. (2) If it hadn’t been for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded in such a short period of time.l 4) might+ have done表示过去事实很可能发生而没发生。
John might have lent you the car if you had asked. l 5) must+have done表示对过去事情的肯定猜测 He must have received my letter which was mailed a week ago.3.几个特殊句型中的时态l 1) It is the first time that… 在此结构中，当主句动词为“is／will be”时，从句动词用现在完成时；若主句动词为“was”，从句动词为过去完成时 (1) It is the first time that I have talked with a foreigner. (2) It was the first time he had come to a concert.l 2) It is／has been+时间+since… 在此结构中，当主句动词为“is／has been”时，从句动词用一般过去时；若主句动词为“was／had been”，从句动词为过去完成时 (1) It is five years since I saw her. (2) It was five years since I had seen her.l 3) It was not／won’t be long before…在此结构中，主句动词为wasn’t时，从句动词用一般过去时；若主句动词为will/won’t be，从句动词为现在时代替将来时。
(1) It was not long before everyone came to know him. (2) It won’t be long before we work out some plans to promote our sales. (3) It will be a long time before you have enough money for a global tour. (二) 被动语态的使用 在不知道、不必提出动作执行者；强调动作承受者时，用被动语态 My bike was stolen yesterday. (不知道施动者) The matter will be discussed next time. (不必指出施动者) The library is being repaired. (不必指出施动者)(三) 用于客观说明的结构中l It is said／reported／thought／argued／believed／well known／suggested／supposed…+that+从句 It is reported that the flood in the south has destroyed an important railway. 据报道，南方的洪水已经冲跨了一条非常重要的铁路线。
四) 被动语态的其他用法l 1. 某些感官动词或系动词look, sound, feel等接形容词可表示被动 The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来真香 Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口l 2. 位于be动词后的不定式有时含有被动意义 Who is to blame for breaking the window? 打碎了窗户该怪谁呢? The house is to rent. 此房出租l 3. 某些感官动词或使役动词see, feel, hear, watch, make等在主动语态作宾语时, to被省略,改为被动式须用to+不定式短语 The students were made to copy the text twice.动词的时态和语态练习1. The computer doesn’t work well, so something ____ wrong.A. can have gone B. should have gone C. must have gone D. ought to have gone2. Although Jack made a foolish mistake, we ____ at him. A. needn’t have laughed B. oughtn’t to have laughedC. may have laughed D. couldn’t have laughed3. I won’t be able to attend the meeting tonight because _____. A. I must teach a class B. I teach a classC. I will be teaching a class D. I will have been teaching a class4. Great changes ____ in our institute in the past few years.A. have taken place B. are taken place C. were taken place D. had taken place5. By this time next year, he ____ MBA program.A. will have finished B. will finish C. should have finished D. have finished6. So far, three hundred thousand yuan ______ for the village children to build a school. A. is raised B. is raising C. has been raised D. has raised7. The staff in this office ______ overtime last week. A. were made to work B. were made work C. were making work D. had made work8. I ____ the truth up to now—what’s the matter?A. haven’t been told B. haven’t told C. am not told D. am not to tell9. I hadn’t expected Mary to come to visit me but I had hoped _____. A. her calling me B. that she would call me C. her to call me D. that she call me10. It has been ten years since Ms. White _____ to New York.A. has moved B。