单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,,*,Part I. Biography,Part II. Major Works and Awards,Part IV. A Brief Analysis of,Beloved,Part III. Writing Features,A Brief Introduction of,Toni Morrison,,Part I.,,Biograph of Toni Morrison,Toni Morrison (1931— ),,,,,,,,,1931,,,,1949,1953,1955,1957,,1958,1964,1970,1973,1977,,,,1987,1993,1996,Toni Morrison’s Time Table,,,Toni Morrison,born February 18, 1931 in Lorain,,Ohio,,grandfather was born a slave,,her family lost their land and were forced to work in the mines and mills of the industrialized North,,Lorain, Ohio,,1949--1955,attended Howard University in 1949,,received a B.A. (Bachelor of Arts),,In English from Howard in 1953,,earned a Master of Arts degree from Cornell University in 1955,,,• became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955.,,• returned to Howard to teach English in 1957.,,• became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.,1955--1957,,• got married in 1958,,• got divorced in 1964 and moved to New York, working as an editor.,,• began her writing career.,1964-a turning point of Morrison,,• became an English instructor at Texas Southern University after graduation in 1955.,,• returned to Howard to teach English in 1957.,,• became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.,1955--1957,,,The Bluest Eye (1970),,Sula,(1974),,Song of Solomon,(1977),,Tar Baby,(1981),,Beloved,(1987),,Jazz,(1992),,Paradise,(1999),,Love,(2003),,A Mercy,(2008),,,Writing Career,,•,,In 1993, Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.,,——“Toni Morrison, who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic inport, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality.”,1993,,• The National Endowment for the Humanities selected Morrison for the Jefferson Lecture.,,• “Time, it seems, has no future.”,,• be honored with the 1996 National Book Foundation’s Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters.,1996,,• In 1984, she was appointed to an Albert Schweitzer chair.,,• From 1989—2006, she held the Rober F.Goheen Chair at Princeton University.,,• In June 2005, she was awarded as an honorary Doctor of Letters degree.,,,Later Life,,Part II. Major Works and Awards,,,N,ovels,1970,,The Bluest Eye,,《最蓝的眼睛》,,1973,,Sula,,《秀拉》,,1977,,,Song of Solomon,,《所罗门之歌》,,1981,,,Tar Baby,,《柏油孩子,》、《黑宝贝》,,,1988,,Beloved,《,,宠儿》,,1992,,,Jazz,《爵士乐》,,1999,,Paradise,《天堂》,、《乐园》,,,1993,,,Love,《爱》,,2008,,A Mercy,《恩惠》,,,,,Non-fiction,s,,Remember,:,The Journey to School Integration,,The Black Book,,Birth of a Nation'hood,,What Moves at the Margin,,,Race-ing Justice, En-gendering Powe,r :,Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas, and the Construction of Social Reality,,Play in the Dark,,:,,Whiteness and the Literary Imagination,,,,,,Children's literature,The Book of Mean People,,(2002),,The Big Box (1999),,Plays,Dreaming of Emmett (1986),,Libretto,(,歌剧脚本,),Margaret Garner (first performed May 2005),Other works,,,The Bluest Eye,,——,A novel based on elements of Morrison’s,own,,experience,, contrasts two black,,families: the dysfunctional,(,不正常的,) b,reedloves and the healthy, loving McTeers,.,,,,Sula,,Sula portrays two black women who choose different paths in life,.,,,Song of Solomon,Flight as a Means of Escape,,,Abandoned Women,,,The Alienating Effects of Racism,,,Tar Baby,,—— A,novel about,contentions,and,conflicts,based on learned biases and prejudices. These biases exist,on a race level, gender level, and a class level.,,,,B,eloved,,Morrison‘s best novel and won her the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction,（ 普利策小说奖）,.,,,,,,Awards,,,1977 National Book Critics Circle Award for,,Song of Solomon,,,,1977 American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award,,,,1987-88 Robert F. Kennedy Book Award,,,,1988 American Book Award for,Beloved,,,,,1988 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race,,Relations for,Beloved,,,,,,,1988 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for,Beloved,,,1989 MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature,,,1993 Nobel Prize for Literature,,,1993 Commander of the Arts and Letters, Paris,,,1994 Condorcet Medal, Paris,,,1994 Pearl Buck Award,Awards,,,,,,1994 Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature,,,1996 Jefferson Lecture,,,1996 National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters,,,2000 National Humanities Medal,,UUA:Frederic G. Melcher Book Award,Awards,,,Part III. Writing features by,唐光丽,1.,Powerful fictional style,,2.,Provocative themes,,3. Sophisticated narrative techniques,,4. Poetic style,,,Writing features,1.,Powerful fictional style,,,In,beloved,,Paul D, fellow slave from Kentucky comes to live with them. She eventually takes over the household, feeding on Sethe's memories and explanations to gain strength. Beloved nearly destroyed her mother until the community of former slave women who have ostracized Sethe and Denver since the murder join together to exorcise Beloved at last.,,,,Writing features,2.,Provocative themes,,A. Strong feeling of,feminist consciousness and nationalism.,,,eg, the bluest eye Sula Beloved,,,B. Describe mainly the,impression of black women who are oppressed by race and gender.,,eg, the protagonist of,beloved,Sethe,,,Writing features,,,In her novel,the bluest eye,and,Sula,,Morrison expesses his strong feeling of,feminist,,consciousness and nationalism,; meanwhile, its also reveal the,distort,character of black people, for example,,Pecola,in,the bluest eye,surmised that the reason she was abused at home and ridiculed at school was her black skin, which was equated with ugliness. She imagined that everything would be all right if she had blue eyes and blond hair.,,,Writing features,,C. Integrate the,past and present,life of African Aericans to show the,distort of,,colonial system,,,racial discrimination,and,dissimination of black people’s life.,,,,D. appeal to find,the lost culture and rebulid the nationalism.,,Writing features,,,In sula,she is the pariah of her hometown With the discovery at the age of 12 that she and her friend Nel Wright "were neither white nor male, and that all freedom and triumph was forbidden to them, life evolved into an unlimited experiment. Not bound by any social codes, Sula was first thought to be unusual, then,outrageous,, and eventually evil,,Writing features,,,In song of solomon, Morrison expresses her nationalism .The Milkman's Macon odyssey became a kind of cultural epic for all African-American people; it mapped in symbolic fashion the heritage of a people, from a mythic African past, through a heritage obscured by slavery, to a present built upon questioned values.,,,,Part IV. A Brief Analysis of,Beloved,,Background,,Characters and Plot,,Writing features,,Themes,,Reflection,,,,,,Beloved,,,用,杀死自己亲生婴儿,,来拯救孩子的“疯狂”,,的黑人母亲,,变成鬼魂不断侵扰,,亲人的黑人婴儿,,致人疯狂的美国,,种族主义的梦魇,Gothic Story,,,,Archetype:,,the true story of Margaret Garner, a fugtive slave, from,,The Black Book,,（,《,黑人之书,》,）,.,,,History:,Beloved,straddles (,游离,) the line,,between,,fiction,and,,history,; from an experience of a single family, she creates a powerful commentary on the psychological and,historical legacy of slavery.,,,Style:,affected by such modernist masters as,Faulkner,or,Joyce,.,,Background,,,Main Characters,,,1.Sethe(,塞丝,),,,—,,the protagonist of,Beloved,, a proud and independent woman who is extremely devoted to her children and attempts to murder them in an act of motherly love and protection.,,,Main Characters,,,2.Denver(,丹芙,),,—,Sethe’s youngest child, the dynamic character in the novel. She overcomes her fear of the world and starts to fight for independence and self-possession .,,,Main Characters,,,3. Paul D (,保罗,.D),,—,A former slave from Sweet Home who survived the horrors of slavery and has evolved into a resourceful, contemplative man. He challenges Sethe to try to make a future,,with him.,,,Main Characters,,4. Baby Suggs,,,(,贝比,.,萨格斯）,,—,Sethe's mother-in-law. Baby becomes a preacher after Halle buys her freedom, and she provides a stabilizing force for Sethe and,,Denver.,,,Main Characters,,,5.Beloved(,宠儿,),,—,Sethe's third child and oldest daughter who was killed at the age of two. Her restless spirit haunts the family first as a ghost and then as a flesh-and-blood woman.,,Character Map,Character Map,,,Plot,,,Beginning:,1848, Sweet Home,,,,,,,,“,Sweet Home”,Sethe,,,Halle Suggs,,,Paul D, Paul A,,,Paul F,,,Sixo,Mr. Garner,,& Mrs. Garner,,,,“Schoolteacher ”,,Treat his slaves humanely,Treat slaves as animals,,,Plot,,,Development :,1855,,“,Sweet Home”,,,,Run away,,Cincinnati(,辛辛那提,),,,,,,,,Sethe,,,Halle Suggs,,,Paul D, Paul A,,,Sixo,,,Plot,,,Climax:,,1855, 28 days after Seth settled in 124 Bluestone Road, Cincinnati.,,Take Sethe back,schoolteacher,Sethe,Kill her baby,,,Plot,,Climax:,1864, presence of Beloved’s ghost,,,,,Plot,,,Climax:,1873, a young woman Beloved appears,,,,,Plot,,,Climax:,1873-1874, life with Beloved,,,,,Plot,,,Ending:,1875,,,Beloved,,disappears,Denver is,,preparing to,,go to college,Paul D,,returns to,,Sethe,Sethe recovers,,but stays in,,bed for her days,,,,,,Writing Features,,,1. Symbolism and meterphor,,2. Gothic: setting, supernatural, character,,3. Post-modernism: Stream of consciousness,，,interior monologue,,4. Narritive techniques: multiple points of view, manipulation of narrative time, and flashback,,5. Esthetic language: poetic and musical,,6. Artistic Characteristics: traditional African culture,,,,,,,Symbolism,1.,首先，“宠儿”是瑟思用锯锯断喉咙、可能已经会爬的那个,女儿的幽灵,。
2.,其次，“宠儿”是死在贩运非洲黑人的海上中间通道上的一个幽灵，是所有死于种族主义酿造的灾难中的,黑人的化身,，具有超越个体命运的普遍意义他们没有与我沾亲带故，但依然是我的骨肉亲人；他们没有享受娇宠溺爱，但依然是我的爱子宠儿——《,圣经,·,罗马书,》,Who is Beloved?,,,,,,,3.,第三，“宠儿”代表了黑人现实中仍就在遭受的不平等的苦难，是过去苦难的延伸宠儿是每个人的宠儿，是每个黑人心目中那段惨痛的,历史记忆,Symbolism,,,用,杀死自己亲生婴儿,,来拯救孩子的“疯狂”,,的黑人母亲,,变成鬼魂不断侵扰,,亲人的黑人婴儿,,致人疯狂的美国,,种族主义的梦魇,Gothic Story,,,,,,Narrative Techniques,,,,莫里森摒弃了传统的单一叙述视角，代之以多重叙述视角小说中如瑟丝杀婴、丹芙出生这样重要的事件不是由一个人或一个声音一次性讲述，而是由多人多次讲述每个人虽然讲的是同一事件，但都不是完整故事，而是从不同层面为故事提供和积累了互为补充的信息Multiple points of view (,多重叙述视角）,,,,,,Poetic Language,,,赛丝和保罗,·D,结合时共同忆起黑尔与塞丝在玉米地里的新婚及压坏的玉米用作会餐的段落：“扒下紧裹的叶鞘，撕扯的声音总让她觉得它很疼。
第一层一扒下来，其余的就屈服了，玉米穗向他横陈羞涩的排排苞粒，终于一览无余花丝多么松散多么美妙、松散、自由 官能通感中，感情使想象得以发挥，而想象的语言又激发了感情Poetic Language,,,赛丝和保罗,·D,结合时共同忆起黑尔与塞丝在玉米地里的新婚及压坏的玉米用作会餐的段落：“扒下紧裹的叶鞘，撕扯的声音总让她觉得它很疼第一层一扒下来，其余的就屈服了，玉米穗向他横陈羞涩的排排苞粒，终于一览无余花丝多么松散多么美妙、松散、自由 官能通感中，感情使想象得以发挥，而想象的语言又激发了感情Artistic Characteristics,,,Traditional African culture,,·,非洲人的时间观,,在非洲黑人的观念中,,,时间由“现在”向“过去”方向运动,,,而不是投向“未来”对他们来说,,,时间只有被经历过的才是有意义的,,,才是真实的,.,莫里森在讲述,《,宠儿,》,这一故事时打破了生与死、人与鬼的界限,《,宠儿,》,里时间错置，叙述离题，对过去的挖掘断断续续，稍有可能，就停顿下来小说克服了重重阻力，在对过去的回忆、忘却、压抑、挖掘、拒绝、显现中向前推进Themes,,,Morrison,清晰地意识到了自己肩上的责任：以现代艺术和人性的光芒实现对诸如黑人妇女这样的双重（多重）弱势群体的观照与关怀，为他（她）们和他（她）们的心灵作史。
她坚持自称“黑人女作家”，因为“身为,黑人,和,女性,，我能进入到那些非黑人、非女性者所不能进入的情感与感受的广阔领,域,”,1. Feminism,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Feminism activity,,Women’s,,writing,,Different,,works,,Different,,characters,,Themes,,Background information,:,,1)Darwinism,,2)Maxism,,3)prolaim of Nietzsche (,尼采,),,4)theory of relativity,,5)Freudanism,,Feminism activity,,Stages:,,1),第一代女权主义,( 19,世纪下半叶至,20,世纪初,),,---,教育和立法上应当平等，在经济上与男性平等,,2),现代女权主义,( 20,世纪初至,60,年代,),,---,物质上的地位,,,性的解放,,3),后现代女权主义,(,20,世纪,60,年代,至今,),,---,超出女性范围的哲学思考，社会主义和性自由的色彩更浓厚,,Feminism activity,,,女 性,（,1840-1880,）,女 权,（,1880-1920,）,女 人,（,1920-,）,,女性写作,,Morrison’s work,不再停留在控诉美国社会对黑人的种族歧视与压迫，而是从独特的角度描写女性经验，在抨击种族歧视的同时揭露性别歧视，或者主要反映黑人妇女争取妇女平等权利的斗争,,,In her work Toni Morrison has explored the experience and roles of black women in a racist and male dominated society. In the center of her complex and multilayered,（多层的）,narratives is the unique cultural inheritance of African-Americans.,,,About,Beloved,,Tell us what it is to be a woman so that we may know what it is to be a man. What moves at the margin. What it is to have no home in this place. To be set adrift,（漂浮）,from the one you knew. What it is to live at the edge of towns that cannot bear your company.,（,Nobel Lecture, 1993,）,,,,Sethe —the twisted,character,,.,The love for Beloved :,,,1.“,要么是爱，要么不是。
淡的爱根本就不是爱,”,,,,,"trying to put my babies where they would be,safe,” ---,爱的疯狂,,,2. the spoiling to Beloved,,---,爱的畸形,,,爱的愧疚,,,社会对女性的戕害,,,女性畸形的反抗与悲惨的挣扎,,,The awakening,,(1899),Golden,,notebook,,(1962),The,,color,,purple,,(1982),Beloved,,(1987),,,,,爱情与欲望的觉醒,,导致疯狂的绝望与毁灭,混乱多变的时代下,,失重灵魂的探索与追求,压迫与反抗的交织,,唤醒真正的信仰与自由,历史与现实的交错,,缔造民族文化悲壮史诗,女权主义作品,,The Awakening,Beloved,强大的社会文化传统,,面前，女性的困惑与无奈，以及,,难以承受的压抑人性的精神磨难,意识觉醒后的,,绝望与毁灭,种族主义的现实暴力和,,历史创伤导致人格的分裂,,和全民族的记忆缺失,无法摆脱的,,创伤与折磨,,,,,女性作品对比,,The awakening(《,觉醒,》)---Edna(,埃德娜,),平淡无奇,,压抑孤寂,裸体自杀,,只为涅槃重生,肉体解放,,催生深沉思索,,邂逅爱情,,挑战权威,,,,女性角色对比,,“,Leonce,, go to bed, I meant to stay out here. I don’t intend to. Don’t speak to me like that again; I shall not answer you ”,,心理和社会意识的,,觉醒赋于挑战权威的力量,,The awakening(《,觉醒,》)---Edna(,埃德娜,),平淡无奇,,压抑孤寂,裸体自杀,,只为涅槃重生,肉体解放,,催生深沉思索,,邂逅爱情,,挑战权威,,,,女性角色对比,,,She,cast the unpleasant, pricking garment from her, and for the first time in her life she stood naked in the open air, at the mercy of the sun, the breeze that beat upon her, and the waves that invited her.,,How,,strange,and,,awful,it seemed to stand naked under the sky! How,,delicious,! She felt like some,,new-born creature,, opening its eyes in,,a familiar world that it had never known,.,,She didn’t look back now, but went on and on, thinking of the blue-grass meadow that she had traversed when a little child ,believing that it had no beginning and end.,,,“过去的日子就像在做梦一般但愿可以沉睡不醒，醒来却发现啊，也好，或许醒来终究是比较好的，即使受苦，也总比一生都被幻象所蒙蔽来得好”,,（,,临死前的宣言,）,觉醒的最终意义：宁可醒来,,后付出生命的代价也不愿再懵懂地生活下去,,,,Beloved (《,宠儿,》)—,Sethe,(,塞丝,),,,塞丝”,—,非洲文化中的男性神，一般人身，一半鸟身。
刚强毅力和自由的代表，希望与自由的化身,,,女性角色对比,,,Edna,VS,Sethe,,background,destiny,,,,the,,theme,,2. Racialism,,,,她的笔触超越了愤怒，也不再“控诉”，而是以一种斩钉截铁的痛切陈述一个,黑奴,（或解放了的黑奴）在世界上的根本处境：“任何一个白人，都能因为他脑子里突然闪过的一个什么念头，而夺走你的整个自我不止是奴役、杀戮或者残害你,，,还要玷污你玷污得如此彻底，,让你都不可能再喜欢你自己,玷污得如此彻底，能让你,忘了自己是谁,，而且再也不能回想起来,,Themes,,,,Racialism,,,,Amnisia,to history,Connotation,,of,,Beloved,,Themes,,National,amnisia,“小说中的人物不愿回忆，我不愿回忆，黑人不愿回忆，白人不愿回忆，我是说，这是,全民族的记忆缺失症,”,,“我们生活的美国是,一个过去总是被抹去、将来总是清白无辜的地方,，其间尽管移民们来来往往，但是美国历史总是清清爽爽的过去不在场、或者被浪漫化,这个文化不鼓励评述过去的真相，更不会接受关于过去的真相。
与,30,年前相比，,现在记忆处于更加危险的境地The torment of the history,,and devastating slavery,Fear for the past,Avoid encountering,,with the past,Overwhelming by the past,,,,,,,宠,,儿,女儿的幽灵,过去到完整，,,分裂到完整的桥梁,惨痛的历史记忆,历史现实中,,的不平等与苦难,灾难中的黑人化身,,,,,灾难中的黑人化身,,,,,宠儿是整个美国白人社会的“他者”，提醒着白人：黑奴制是不容回避的一部分，它的作用已超越了恢复黑人记忆的范畴，也号召黑人应克服自身的狭隘性和局限性，使黑人社区成为黑人名副其实的精神乐园，为解放黑人指明了一条出路,,,,vs,传统的反奴隶制作品,宠儿,进行表层抗议,倡导种族道义,弘扬文化与生命,,的价值意义,对历史文化,,的重新整合,,,寻求自我历程和,,重构黑人民族意识,,才能帮助走出阴影，,,成为自由人,,,人类立场,,,,,,Reflection,,,,1,987,年一经出版，立刻震惊美国文坛，评论界誉为“美国文学史上的里程碑”。
1988,年，获美国普利策图书奖1993,年，作者莫里森获诺贝尔文学奖1998,年，,《,宠儿,》,被搬上银幕，由著名电视主持人奥普拉,·,温芙蕾饰演塞斯Thank you,,。