初中英语动词不定式讲解试题和答案一、作主语，可以用 it 代替，it 叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语1．To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast.二、作表语My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, decide, need, mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词 know、think、find out 等的宾语I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词 show、teach、ask 等后面的直接宾语。
She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机六、如果宾语太长，可用 it 作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为 find、think、feel 等I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略 We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到，最后一个走。
十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等I’m glad to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等It’s for her to decide. 这得由她来决定表语）There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读定语）The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂结果状语）不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意：It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.当上面的形容词指的是 to do sth 的性质时，用介词 forIt’s dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。
游泳这件事情危险）当上面的形容词指的是 sb 的性质时，用介词 of这些形容词往往修饰人：good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, nice, clever, right, wrong, careful, carelessIt was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心你这个人粗心）十三、动词 hear, see, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不能带 to, 即常见的形式为 : hear sb do sth 等 Many people like to watch others play games. 许多人喜欢看别人玩游戏.十四、let, make, have 后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语 , 也不能带 to; help 后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语, to 可有可无She let us meet her at the station, but she didn’t come. 她让我们去车站迎接她,卡她没有来.十五、十三和十四这两种情况下的动词不定式在改被动语态句子时,必须将省略的 to 还原,也就是说,动词后需跟带 to 的动词不定式.We heard him sing every day.He was heard to sing every day. 那时每天都听到他唱歌.十六、跟带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有: ask, beg, leave, like, love, hate, prefer, order, teach, tell, believe, find, know, want, think, understand, would like 等形式为: ask sb to do sthWould you like me to visit him? 要不要我拜访他?I would prefer you not to come tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天不要来 .He ask the driver to stop the motobike. 他要那位司机拦下那辆摩托车.十七、区别下列词组的不同含义:① like to do sthlike doing sth② stop to do sthstop doing sth③ remember to do sthremember doing sth④ forget to do sthforget doing sth 十八、It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人一段时间干某事.It took me half an hour to do my homework yesterday.昨天我花了半小时做回家作业.It took Jim an hour and a half to read the book.吉姆花了一个半小时看这本书.It took mother one and a half hours to do the housework.母亲花了一个半小时干家务.用汉字表述上面的句型为:It + take + 人 + 一段时间 + to do sth.一段时间形式往往为像这样的例子:fifteen minutes15 分钟,an hour 一个小时, two days 两天, half a month 半个月,a year and a half 一年半...等等十九、不定式的特殊句型 too…to…① too…to 太…以至于 …He is too excited to speak.他太激动了，说不出话来。
Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗 ?---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动② 如在 too 前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太 "It's never too late to mend. (谚语)改过不嫌晚③ 当 too 前面有 only, all, but 时，意思是：非常… 等于 veryI'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家二十、不定式的特殊句型 Why not "Why not + 动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为： "为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"例如：Why not take a holiday?干吗不去度假?动词不定式复合结构中何时使用介词 of 而非 for在英语学习中，我们有时候会遇到这样一种结构，即“it is +形容词+ for / of +名词或物主代词+ to do” ，这里的介词有时用 for，而有时是 of。
该如何区分呢，下面谈谈本人的一些粗浅看法让我们先看看人教版高中英语 3 Unit 3 – The Million Pound Bank Note 一文中的 2 个句子Well, that’s very kind of you.Oh, it’s for us to thank you.其实，上述 2 句均为动词不定式的复合结构，只是前 1 句省略了后面的不定式，如果补齐的话，应该是：Well, that’s very kind of you (to say so/ do so/ to have dinner here and so on)我们知道，动词不定式（to do ）结构可以作句子的主语，如 To learn a foreign language is useful这里的 to learn a foreign language 是动词不定式，在句子中作主语我们看到，主语显得太长，而谓语很短，为了避免头重脚轻，一般会用 it 作形式主语，后面以不定式作实际主语如上句可改写为： It is useful to learn a foreign language有时候，为了指明不定式动作的逻辑主语，即动作的执行者，我们常常用介词 for 或 of 引导出逻辑主语，这样就出现了不定式的复合结构，其一般形式为：it is + 形容词 + for / of +名词或物主代词 + to do请看下面 3 个句子，了解为什么会出现动词不定式复合结构：To move this heavy box is difficult.It is difficult to move this heavy box.It is difficult for the boy /for me to move this heavy box.不定式复合结构中引导逻辑主语的介词，一般情况下使用介词 for，但有时候则用 of。
根据网络上的解释， “of 表示人的内在特征、性格等，与某个具体的人有关，如 nice, foolish, honest 等，而当强调某事怎样时，常用 for,如 important, necessary 等” 在《牛津实用英语语法》 （外研社 1986 年 3 月版） （pp363-364）中，第 249 节讲述了在何种情况下使用介词 of书中虽然没有给出描述性的定义，但列举了在哪些形容词后使用of这类形容词有“wise, kind, good, nice, honest, generous, cowardly, selfish, silly, wicked 等” ，如：It is good of you to help me.你真好，这样帮助我It is stupid of him to smoke so much.他真愚蠢，抽那么多烟It was。