I 中 文 摘 要 近代中国社会的科技化进程和近代西方科技引进过程始自洋务运动，在此期间，作为洋务派领袖，李鸿章主持了科技引进工作，创办了应用科技的现代化工程，由此近代西方科技以前所未有的规模和速度被引进中国社会，中国社会的科技化进程开启因此，李鸿章是晚清中国科技现代化事业的开创者李鸿章所主持的一系列涉及科技引进与应用的实践活动都是在其思想观念的指导下进行的因此，探讨李鸿章的科技观，即他对科技知识和科技器物的认识过程和内容是中国近现代科技史的重要组成部分 本文以目前最权威的李鸿章的文集《李文忠公全集》作为基本史料，在全面地挖掘李鸿章有关近代西方科学技术的论述和实践的史料基础上，运用历史与逻辑相结合的方法，对于李鸿章科技观进行了形成史的研究和较为全面的总结，内容包括军事制器技术观、民用工业技术观、电报技术观、铁路技术观和科技教育观等作者并结合洋务运动的时代社会背景，探求李鸿章科技观的具体内容、目标指向在中国近现代科技发展史中的重要意义 本文第一章论述了李鸿章科技观形成的时代环境与当时中国社会背景 洋务运动在国家现代化事业建设领域对于近代西方科学与技术的引进与应用，李鸿章个人的政治地位、背负的国家责任与时代际遇，造就了李鸿章科技观产生的时代条件。
第二章论述了李鸿章的军事制器技术观， 这一观念的主要内容是军事制器关系国防自强事业，晚清中国必须创办应用技术的军事工业，包括制器技术之繁复性与弹药制造为中心任务等思想 第三章论述了李鸿章的民用工业技术观 李鸿章认为， 应用技术发展民用工业是军事工业的补充和保证，可藉以保护中国利权主要内容是废弃土法，采用洋法，主要表现为西法开矿技术观与机器纺织技术观 第四章论述了李鸿章的电报技术观 李鸿章认为电报技术的快捷功效有裨于国计民生，特别是国防自强事业，对于电报技术的管理应坚持“权自”的原则 第五章论述了李鸿章的铁路技术观 李鸿章认为铁路技术主要在国防建设与商业贸易两方面发挥功用，铁路技术应用的成果在公不在私，利国利民，是实现国家自强求富目标的重要工具 第六章论述了李鸿章的科技教育观李鸿章认为科技教育的最终指向是自强事II业，通过派遣格致留学生赴欧美与在国内建设军事科技学堂的途径培养应用近代西方科学与技术的格致人才 结束语就李鸿章科技观之总体做了总结 本文认为， 李鸿章科技观是其所处的社会地位和时代背景促成的在洋务自强的时代要求之下，李鸿章作为晚清实权派政治家，以国家自强为目标，在日益开放的时代格局和具体的现代化实践中发展、形成了他的科技观，即以洋务自强目标为指向的注重于科技的社会功用的思想观念。
李鸿章对于科技所形成的思想观念集中于洋务派所创办的现代化事业领域内，包括军事工业、民用工业、电报、铁路和科技教育等，这既构成了其科技观的主体架构，也是洋务派科技政策的主线 关键词：李鸿章；科技观；自强目标；科技政策 III ABSTRACT The process of orientation to science and technology for the society in modern China and the importation to modern western science and technology started from Westnization Movement.In the historical course, as the leader of westnizational group,Li hongzhang presided the work of importing science and technology,and established the modernizing project applying science and technology,and for it the modern western science and technology was imported to China at the unprecedented speed and scale,and the process of orientation to science and technology for Chinese society began.The series of activities involving importing and applying of science and technology presided by Li hongzhang were steered under his view.So,researching the view for science and technology,which is the content of his understanding process and content to the knowledge of science and technology and the product made from science and technology ,is the important part of Chinese modern history of science and technology. The author applied the method called anaylsis of historical materials as the basic method,and searched for the concrete content,the aim and intention and the meaning in the field of Chinese modern history of science and technology through collecting and reading the literature about the content of importing the knowledge of science and technology and the product made from science and technology and the construction of modernization which applied science and technology by Li hongzhang,and the materials about his activities involving science and technology, and combining the background and need of the time. The paper takes the book named as the basic historial materials, summarizes Li hongzhang's view of science and technology at the wider scale on the basis of historical materials about the discourse and activities to the science and technology by Li hongzhang and through using the method of combining of history and logics,comprising the view of the technology applied to military production,the technology applied IVto civil industry,the technology applied to wired telegraph,the technology applied to transportation with railway and the education for science and technology.The author also pioneered to the important meaning of the concrete content and the aim of Li hongzhang's view on science and technology in the developing history of Chinese modern science and technology. The first chapter dissertates the time and Chinese social background in that time in which Lihongzhang's view of science and technology could form.The broughteness and application of modern western science and technology in the field of modernizational construction ,and the the personal political status,the state's responsibility and time's fortune of Lihongzhang,formed the time's condition of Lihongzhang. The second chapter dissertates Li hongzhang's view of technology applied to military production .The major content of the view is that military production using modern western science and technology is related with the defending strongness of state,and China in the time of late Qing must establish military industry,in which the propotion included the view of complexity of the technology applied to military production and the view that the center task was the production of ammunition. The third chapter dissertates Li hongzhang's view of technology applied to civil industry. Lihongzhang considered that it is the complementarity and guarantee to military industry that developing civil industry applying technology,which could protect Chinese benefit.The major content is abandoning traditional technology,and applying the western technology, and the major performance was the view of modern western technology applied to mine and the view of technology applied to spi。