神经系统疾病伴发抑郁焦虑 障碍的诊断治疗专家共识目的和意义l常见神经系统疾病均易伴发或共病抑郁焦虑障碍 –脑血管病和卒中 –认知功能障碍 –帕金森病 –多发性硬化 –癫痫 –原发性头痛l 共病使得疾病迁延不愈、显著地增加了疾病的负担l 旨在提高医师对神经系统疾病伴发抑郁焦虑障碍的认识和处理,体现“以人为本”的医学宗旨,更好地实践生物-心理-社会的医学模式概 要l 流行病学l 神经系统疾病伴发抑郁焦虑障碍的特点l 神经科抑郁/焦虑状态常见的躯体化表现l 抑郁和焦虑状态的初查和识别l 抑郁症的治疗目标l 神经科抑郁焦虑障碍的治疗l 抗抑郁剂的药物相互作用流行病学流行病学 脑血管病和卒中后抑郁焦虑障碍1~6l各研究报道的卒中后抑郁(PSD)发病率和患病率 变异很大l有研究认为卒中后1个月是发病的高峰,但也有研究 认为卒中后3~6月是发病高峰 l社区研究: PSD在卒中急性期为33%,慢性期为 34%l医院研究:PSD在卒中急性期为36%、 恢复期为 32%, 慢性期为34% l我国研究发现,PSD在卒中后1月为39%、3~6个 月为53%、1年为24% 1. Benedetti F, Bernasconi A,Pontiggia A. Depression and neurological disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:14–18. 2. Tucker GJ. Neurological disorders and depression. Seminars Clinical Neuropsychiatry,2002,7:213-220. 3. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:294–298. 4. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2005,76;48-52. 5. Pohjasvaara T, Leppavuori A,Siira I,et al. Frequency and clinical determinants of poststroke depression. Stroke,1998,29:2311-2317. 6. Hackett ML, Yapa C, Parag V, et al. Frequency of depression after stroke:A systematic review of observational studies. Stroke,2005,36:1330-1340.流行病学认知功能障碍伴抑郁焦虑障碍1~3l抑郁障碍多见于痴呆前期或早期,有研究认为抑郁 是痴呆的前驱症状或危险因素l有抑郁的轻轻度认认知障碍 (MCI)者向老年性痴呆(AD) 的转化率是无抑郁者的2倍 lAD伴发抑郁的患病率可达75%,一般约为30%~ 50%l血管性痴呆(VaD)或血管性认认知损损害(VCI)者的抑郁 症状的发生率约为40%~60%lMCI的抑郁累计患病率约为26%1. Holtzer R, Scarmeas N, Wegesin DJ, et al. J Am Geriatr Soc,2005,53:2083-2089. 2. Modrego PJ, Ferrández J Arch Neurol,2004,61:1290-1293. 3. Potter GG, Steffens DC. Contribution of depression ,Neurologist,2007,13: 105–117. 流行病学 帕金森病(PD)伴抑郁焦虑障碍1~7lPD患者的抑郁障碍患病率为8%~76%, 平均25%~40%l约40%患者有焦虑障碍l有研究认为抑郁和焦虑障碍可能先于患者 的运动症状出现 1. Benedetti F, Bernasconi A,Pontiggia A. Depression and neurological disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:14–18. 2. Tucker GJ. Neurological disorders and depression. Seminars Clinical Neuropsychiatry,2002,7:213-220. 3. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:294–298. 4. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2005,76;48-52. 5. Ring HA, Serra-Mestres J. Neuropsychiatry of the basal ganglia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2002,72:12–21. 6. Okun MS, Watts RL. Depression associated with Parkinson’s disease:. Neurology, 2002,58(Suppl 1):S63–S70. 7. Ehrt U,Aarsland D. Psychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2005,18: 335-341.流行病学多发性硬化(MS)伴抑郁焦虑障碍1~7l终身患病率近50%,是普通人群的3倍l社区问卷调查研究发现41%患者有抑郁,其 中29%为中-重度抑郁l对3000例16岁以上MS患者的死因调查显示 ,15%的患者死于自杀l流行病学调查结果显示35.7%的患者合并各 种焦虑,其中18.6%为广泛性焦虑、10%为 惊恐发作 1. Benedetti F, Bernasconi A,Pontiggia A. Depression and neurological disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:14–18. 2. Tucker GJ. Neurological disorders and depression. Seminars Clinical Neuropsychiatry,2002,7:213-220. 3. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:294–298. 4. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2005,76;48-52. 5. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder:JAMA 2003,289:3095–3105. 6. Janssens AC, Buljevac D, van Doorn PA. Prediction of anxiety and distress following diagnosis . Mult Scler,2006 ,12:794-801. 7. Siegert RJ,Abernethy DA. Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2005,76;469-475.流行病学癫痫伴抑郁焦虑障碍1~6l抑郁症的患病率为50%~55%l住院患者中,控制良好者的抑郁发病率为10% 、患病率为20%,控制不良者则分别为20%和 60%l癫痫患者发作间期的焦虑症的患病率为10%~ 25% 1. Benedetti F, Bernasconi A,Pontiggia A. Depression and neurological disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:14–18. 2. Tucker GJ. Neurological disorders and depression. Seminars Clinical Neuropsychiatry,2002,7:213-220. 3. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: an update. Curr Opin Psychiatry,2006,19:294–298. 4. Rickards H. Depression in neurological disorders: Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2005,76;48-52. 5. Lambert M, Robertson M. Depression in epilepsy: etiology, phenomenology and treatment. Epilepsia,1999,40(suppl 10):S21–S47. 6. Gaitatzis A,Trimble MR,Sander JW. The psychiatric comorbidity of epilepsy. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica,2004,110:207-220.流行病学原发性头痛伴抑郁焦虑障碍1~2l原发性头痛门诊患者调查发现27%的患者有中-重度抑郁 ,其中偏头痛人群为17.1%、转化型偏头痛为36.1%、紧 张型头痛(TTH)为28.3%;l偏头痛患者终身的抑郁障碍患病率约为30%~80%,是普 通人群的3-4倍。
同时,易有惊恐和强迫等焦虑障碍;l有先兆的偏头痛和转化型偏头痛者的伴发率更高频发型 和慢性TTH者抑郁焦虑障碍的伴发率可达2/3;l青少年慢性头痛者调查,有抑郁障碍30%(抑郁症21%) 、焦虑障碍36%、高度自杀危险者20% 1. Radat F,Swendsen J. Psychiatric comorbidity in migraine: a review. Cephalalgia,2005,25:165-178.2. Wang SJ,Juang KD,Fuh JL,et al. Psychiatric comorbidity and suicide risk in adolescents with chronic daily headache. Neurology, 2007,68:1468–1473.流行病学的启示l脑血管病和卒中、认知功能障碍、帕金森病 、多发性硬化、癫痫、原发性头痛伴发抑郁 焦虑比例高,使相关疾病地治疗更加复杂、 困难,延。