UNIT11． Why does the speaker urge people to be patient?Because he understands that the war is long and tough. it is not to end in months but in years. he tells the people there that however long the war last, the final victory belongs to Britain. but at the same time he makes it clear that not everyday is an opportunity to take action. they have yet to wait and persevere.2． why does the speaker advise the British people to treat triumph and disaster in the same way?Because he thinks that both triumph and disaster are deceptive in that people can make things out far worse than they really are when they are in triumph.what is the change in the widespread mood referred to in p5?When Britain came under the heavy air attacks by Germany .many other nations thought that Britain was finished. As the country stood the ordeal to their great surprise, those nations changed their view.3． why does the speaker change darker into sterner?Because he has a strong conviction of victory. The 2terms have different implications. whenused in the text to refer to the days of war,”darker days”emphasizes the negative aspect of the event and shows the user’s pessimism.’sterner days’,though identical in its reference ,suggests optimism and pride in having the chance to rise the challenge.4． Do you think the speaker had achieved his purpose by the end of his speech?Yes, I do. By paying a visit to Harrow School and making a speech there, Churchill not only encouraged the audience of his speech but the British people in general to continue to fight rather than surrender to their enemy.1UNIT21. Why does the writer describe his experience at the bank?Because he wants to show the importance of personal space in maintaining public order. If one’s personal space is invaded, he may, in preserving his own space, break into others, personal space. The chain action can cause chaos in public order.2. How is the concept of personal space defined?The author defines personal space as one’s individual sphere with the self at the center and a certain distance on each side. It is part of one’s privacy, the invasion of which necessarily makes one uneasy.3. what is meant by “this tendency”in p4? How does the author think of its causes?It refers to the phenomenon exemplified in the previous paragraph, that is , the escalation of the invasion of personal space. The writer used to think this was caused by the population explosion via Malthusian logic. Summer dress some people are more attractive. In addition, he suggests, in seriousness or jest, the stimulating effect of caffeine contributes to the escalation of the invasion of personal space too.4. what is the characteristic of personal space as described in p5?The writer mainly describes one important characteristic of personal space: personal space is a relative concept；People in different regions have different concepts of personal space. The size of personal space varies according to where one lives, where one has a spread, he will have a more spacious concept of personal space than those who do not have a large place of their own.5.why is personal space shrinking in general?Because people are more self-absorbed than before. In other words they are paying less attention to the outside world, including personal space, personal space in effect encourages space invasion.2U31. what is the author ’s viewpoint about the benefit of the internet? What dose he see aboutits negative side?As the author sees it, the internet is most likely to make our global village a better place to live in. itprovides a miraculous forum for the globalization of ideas, which contributes to the realization of humanpotential. Furthermore, it is a powerful tool for the acquisition and application of knowledge. The benefits of the internet, however, may be darkened by the negative consequences. It may deprive the use of his time for necessary interaction with other society members so that the whole world may be further fragmented. In addition, there is a reasonable likelihood that the internet presents too much information, which gives the user a skewed sense of reality by making him cognitively overloaded.2. what happened to the author ’s friend as regards the internet? What negativeconsequences did he see about it?His friend was addicted to the internet. He would spend even over 24 hours non-stop on the internet so that he had to force himself to go off line. As he spent so much time in cyberspace, his sense of reality might have been crooked. Moreover, without any face-to-face verbal communication with other people, he felt lonely and depressed.3. what alienated society members before the internet gained popularity? What alienatesthem in the information age?The alienation of society members had begun long before the internet st。