动名词的功能动名词的功能 一一. 动名词做主语的用法动名词做主语的用法 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作如：在口语中也可以表示具体的动作如： 1. Seeing is believing. 2. Helping her is my duty3.Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.4.Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事空谈无济于事5.Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣和你一起工作是一种乐趣6. Learning a foreign language is very useful.7.Traveling abroad can be very exciting. 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语动名词做真正主语主要用于下作形式主语动名词做真正主语主要用于下列句型：列句型：It’s +名词或名词短语名词或名词短语\形容词形容词+doing sth nice good useless hard foolish enjoyable worthwhile等形容词后常用动名词做真正主语等形容词后常用动名词做真正主语1.It's rather tiring walking around in a city.2.It’s no use(useless) talking too much. =Talking to much is no use(useless)3. It’s no good crying=Crying is no good. 4.It’s nice talking to you.跟你交谈真是愉快跟你交谈真是愉快5.It’s foolish behaving like that .那样的表现很愚蠢那样的表现很愚蠢6. It’s useless doing that.那样做没用那样做没用下列名词或名词短语做表语时常用动名词做真正主语：下列名词或名词短语做表语时常用动名词做真正主语：use good fun a waste of job task1.It’s a waste of time doing this.2.It’s no good (use)doing this.3.It’s fun doing this.4.It’s not an easy task doing this work. 不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。
如：将来的动作如： It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收覆水难收 He realized that to go on like this was wrong.（指抽象动作）（指抽象动作）（指具体动作）（指具体动作） 【考例】 — What do you think made Mary so upset？？ — __________ her new bicycle．． A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 解析：解析：losing her new bicycle是句子的主语，是句子的主语，谓语谓语made her so upset被省略，被省略，losing… 在在此表示具体的动作此表示具体的动作 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。
对他说话等于对牛弹琴吸烟会致癌吸烟会致癌 3. Walking is my sole exercise. 4. Talking mends no holes.5. Doing morning exercises is good for your health.6. Collecting information is very important to businessman.散步是我唯一的运动散步是我唯一的运动谚）空谈无济于事（谚）空谈无济于事做早操对你的健康有好处做早操对你的健康有好处收集信息对商人非常重要收集信息对商人非常重要 二二. 动名词作宾语的用法动名词作宾语的用法 1．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语A.admit, appreciate, avoid，，advise, B.burst out, be used to, be busy doing, be worthC.can‘t stand（不能忍受）（不能忍受）, consider（考虑），（考虑），can’t help, confess to(承认，坦白）承认，坦白）D.delay（延期，耽搁）（延期，耽搁）, devote … to（奉献，致（奉献，致力于）力于）, dislike，，denyE.enjoy, escape, excuse, F. feel like, finish, fancy(想象想象), forgive, forbidG.get down to(着手处理，开始着手处理，开始), give up, H.have a hard time doing sth 做做… 不容易；很难做不容易；很难做 have difficulty\trouble\problems + doingI. imagine. include, insist on, instead of K. keep, keep on L. look forward to, leave off(停止停止), lead toM. Miss, mind, mentionO. object to(反对反对)Q.quit(停止，停止， 离开离开)R.resist（抵抗）（抵抗）,riskS.suggest, spend …doing, succeed in doing, see to(注意，处理，照顾注意，处理，照顾),stick to(坚持坚持)T.take to(喜欢，开始从事喜欢，开始从事)W. waste time doing(浪费时间做某事浪费时间做某事) 1.You must practise reading English aloud.2.We’re tired of having the same food every day.3.He suggested taking a walk after supper.4.We enjoy singing songs. 【【考例考例】】 I can't imagine __________ that with them．． A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing She looks forward every spring to __________ the flower-lined garden．． A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 解析：解析：考查短语动词考查短语动词 look forward to 后跟动名词作宾语的用法。
后跟动名词作宾语的用法 2. 在在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成语，则构成“allow／／advise／／forbid／／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）语）”之形式如：之形式如： We don't allow smoking here．． We don't allow anybody to smoke here．． Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了她的鞋该修理了注意注意: 当当 need, want, require, worth deserve 后面接后面接doing表示被动表示被动 Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了你的头发该理了The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗地板需要冲洗The book is worth reading. The car needs cleaning. 3. 动词动词need, require, want意为意为“需要需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
如：动式作宾语，意义没有区别如： The window needs／／requires／／wants cleaning／／to be cleaned．． 4. 在在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start后用动名词和后用动名词和 用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多 大区别 5. 动词动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意 forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作表示将要发生的动作 go on doing 继续做原来做的事做原来做的事go on to do 接着做另一件事接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事意味着要做某事mean to do 想要做某事想要做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事stop to do 停下来（停下来（别的事）开始的事）开始 做某事做某事 try doing 试着做某事着做某事try to do 努力做某事努力做某事be used to doing 习惯于做某事于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事被用来做某事can't help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事can't help to do 不能帮助做某事不能帮助做某事 remind sb of doing sth（使某人想起某事）（使某人想起某事）remind sb to do sth（提醒某人做某事）（提醒某人做某事） 【考例】 — Let's have a rest．． — Not now．．I don't want to stop __________ yet．． A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 解析：解析：stop studying意为意为“停止学习停止学习”。
— Let me tell you something about the journalists．． — Don't you remember ________ me the story yesterday？？ A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析解析: remember telling me意意为为“记得曾经告诉过我记得曾经告诉过我” Isn’t it time you got down to ______ the papers?A. mark B. be markedC. being marked D. marking [点拨点拨] get down to doing sth. 开始着手干开始着手干某事，某事，to在这个短语中是介词在这个短语中是介词, 后可跟动词后可跟动词-ing形式、名词或代词又因形式、名词或代词又因mark the papers“判试卷判试卷”与逻辑主语与逻辑主语you是主动关是主动关系，故排除选项系，故排除选项C。
1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repairedExcersice 2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped6. We should often practise ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh 10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂昂贵贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read14. You should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night. (stay up) A. to sit B. X C. to sitting D. sitting 17. Once the heart stops _____, death 17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. follows at once. A. beating B. to beat A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beatingC. being beaten D. to be beating18. We are now busy _____ for the 18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. examination. A. to prepare B. preparing A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being preparedC. prepared D. being prepared 19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. X 21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed 23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed 24. You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. (辽宁辽宁2007)A. walkedB. walk C. to walk D. walking25. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam. (福建福建2004)A. pass B. to passC. passed D. passing 此题中此题中have a hard time (in) doing意为意为“费了很费了很大劲做大劲做”，，-ing形式作介词的宾语。
此句中省略了形式作介词的宾语此句中省略了介词介词in，增加了试题的难度类似的结构还有：，增加了试题的难度类似的结构还有：spend ... (in) doing花费花费……做做have difficulty / trouble (in) doing做做……有困难有困难stop / prevent ... (from) doing阻止阻止……做做waste time (in) doing浪费时间做浪费时间做excuse ... (for) doing原谅原谅……做做be busy (in) doing 忙于做忙于做 26. —Can I smoke here?—Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. (江苏江苏2007)A. people smoking B. people smokeC. to smoke D. smoking27. It is difficult to imagine his ______ the decision without any consideration. (陕西陕西2006)A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted Grammar主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done 动名词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作动名词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生同时发生或在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生1.He enjoys listening to music.同时发生同时发生2.They look forward to visiting the museum. 在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生动名词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词表动名词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前示的动作之前1.She regretted having broken the law.2. He admitted having stolen the bike. 动名词的被动式动名词的被动式He escaped being punished by the captain.他逃过了队长的惩罚。
他逃过了队长的惩罚The president tried to avoid being questioned by the reporters.总统尽量避免被记者提问总统尽量避免被记者提问The little boy remembered being given some sweets for his good deeds.小男孩记得曾经由于做好事而被给了几块糖小男孩记得曾经由于做好事而被给了几块糖He was happy for having been chosen to attend the meeting.他很高兴被选去出席这个会议他很高兴被选去出席这个会议 动名词的复合结构：动名词的复合结构：动名词可以有逻辑主语，通常是形容词性动名词可以有逻辑主语，通常是形容词性物主代词（物主代词（my his her our their）或名词）或名词所有格所有格(Jim’s Li Lei’s)这种“逻辑主逻辑主语语+动名词动名词”的结构称为动名词的复合结构的结构称为动名词的复合结构1.His coming made me very happy.他的到来使我非常高兴做主语）他的到来使我非常高兴。
做主语）2.He insisted on Mary’s living in the room.他坚持让他坚持让Mary住在这个房间住在这个房间做宾语）做宾语）3.She insisted on me going. 她坚持让我去她坚持让我去(宾语宾语) 注意：注意：1））如动名词的复合结构不在句首，可用代词的宾如动名词的复合结构不在句首，可用代词的宾格（格（me him us her it ）或名词的普通格）或名词的普通格( Jim Li Lei)+动名词构成动名词构成We’re glad at Tom( Tom’s) coming. 我们很高兴我们很高兴Tom的到来的到来Would you mind me(my)opening the door? 我打开门你介意吗？我打开门你介意吗？It is difficult to imagine his（（him) accepting the decision without any consideration很难想象他不加考虑就接受了这个决定很难想象他不加考虑就接受了这个决定 注意：注意：2））动名词的复合结构如为无生命的东西，则不动名词的复合结构如为无生命的东西，则不能加能加’s或或s’, 即用普通格。
即用普通格There is no hope of the factory making profit. 这家工厂想赚取利润是不可能的这家工厂想赚取利润是不可能的The noise of desks being opened and closed could be heard out in the street.在街上就能听见书桌打开和关闭的声音在街上就能听见书桌打开和关闭的声音The tides are caused by the moon and sun pulling water forward.海潮是由于月亮和太阳吸引海水而引起的海潮是由于月亮和太阳吸引海水而引起的 动名词的否定式：动名词的否定式：not+动名词动名词I’m sorry for not being there.我没去那儿，十分对不起我没去那儿，十分对不起His not getting to the station on time made everyone worried.他没准时到车站，这使得每个人都担心他没准时到车站，这使得每个人都担心I think the big problem is their not having enough time.我认为最大的问题是他们没有足够的时间我认为最大的问题是他们没有足够的时间。
I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.事先没让你知道，我必须向你道歉事先没让你知道，我必须向你道歉 1.Tom was very unhappy for to the party.A.having not been invitedB.B. not having invitedC.C. having not invitedD.D. not having been invited D 2. One learns a language by making and them.A. correct B. corrceting B.C. corrects D. to correctC.3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means for another hour. D. waiting B. to wait E.C. wait D. to be waiting BA 4. I really appreciate to relax with you on this nice island.A.to have had time B. having time C.to have time D. to having timeD.5. The mother asked her daughter not to delay the paper.A. handing in B. to hand in B.C. hand in D. having handed inBA 6. I hate their complaints all day. Some day I’ll tell them what I really think.A. paying attention to B. to talk about C. listening to D. to have heard7. The time he has devoted in the past ten years the disabled is now considered of great value.A. to help; being B. to helping; to beB.C. help; to be D. helping; beingCB 8. He now regrets harder when he was at school.A.not study B. not studied C.not studying D. not to studyD.9. Which do you enjoy your weekends, boating or fishing?A. spending B. to spend B.C. having spent D. to have spendCB 10. Do you mind alone at home?A. Jane leaving B. Jane having leftB.C. Jane’s being left D. Jane to be left C.11. made every child very glad.D.He came B. His comingE.C. Him coming D. He comingCB 12. —You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. ―Well, now I regret ______ that.A．． to do B. to be doingC.to have done D. having done13.We don’t allow in the auditorium（大（大礼堂）礼堂）; we don’t want to risk it on fire.A. to smoke; setting B. to be smking; to set C. to be smoking; being set D. smoking; settingDD 14. She is very busy her papers. She is far too busy callers.A. writing; receiving B.B. to write; for receivingC. to write; to receive D. writing; to receive15. made the situation extremely hard for us.A. Wang Dong had left B.B. Wang Dong’s having leftC.C. Wang Dong left D.D. Wang Dong having leftDB 16. He has trouble French.A. speaking B. spoken B.C. to speak D. speak17.She denied to check the report again.A. to have been told B.B. having been told C. being told D.D. to have toldAB 18.Does Mr. Li object to her the money?A. lending B. lend C. be lent D. lentB.19. He apologized for to comeC. not being able D.B. that he’s not be able toE.C. his not being able F.D. his being not ableAB 20. Kate, scolded by her father, finally confessed to the money.A.steal B. stealing B.C. having stolen D. have stolenC点拨点拨：：confess招供招供 承认承认 confess to 中中to是介词后面要跟动名词。
承认的事是已经是介词后面要跟动名词承认的事是已经发生过的，所以要用完成式句意为：发生过的，所以要用完成式句意为： Kate在被父亲责骂以后，最终承认偷了钱在被父亲责骂以后，最终承认偷了钱 Homework Next time we’ll learn Organic Farming on Page 14. If possible, please find some information. Today’s homework is to finish all Exercises on Page 49 and 50. 。